Quantifying Disturbance and Recovery in Estuaries: Tropical Cyclones and High-Frequency Measures of Oxygen and Salinity
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Storm Surge
Translation speed and scale of tropical cyclone are important factor of storm surge at local bay. We have to estimate storm surge variation range from information of tropical cyclone parameter we can get before it approaches to local area. Synthetic TC data based on historical TC tracks were generated and they were used for input to numerical model for estimating the water level of storm surge at regional scale. The TC track of the worst-case scenario for Yatsushiro bay located in center of west Kyushu Island was selected numerically. Finally, it was shown that it is possible to estimate rough variation range of maximum surge height from simulation results.
Storm Surge
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Abstract. Salt intrusion in estuaries has been exacerbated by climate change and human activities. Previous studies have primarily focused on salt intrusion in the mainstem of estuaries, whereas those in sub-estuaries (those branch off their main estuaries) have received less attention. During an extended La Niña event from 2021 to 2022, a sub-estuary (the East River estuary alongside the Pearl River Estuary, China, experienced severe salt intrusion, posing a threat to the freshwater supply in the surrounding area. Observations revealed that maximum salinities in the main estuary typically preceded spring tides, exhibiting significant asymmetry in salinity rise and fall over a fortnightly timescale. In contrast, in the upstream region of the sub-estuary, the variation of salinity was in phase with that of the tidal range, and salinity rise and fall exhibited more symmetrical. Inspired by these observations, we employed idealized numerical models and analytical solutions to investigate the underlying physics behind these behaviors. It was discovered that under normal dry condition (with a river discharge of 1500 m3 s-1 at the head of the main estuary), the river-tide interaction and change in horizontal dispersion accounted for the in-phase relationship between the salinity and tidal range in the upstream region of the sub-estuary. Under extremely dry conditions (i.e., a river discharge of 500 m3 s-1 at the head of the main estuary), salinity variations kept pace with those of the tidal range from the middle to upstream regions of the sub-estuary. The variation of salinity in the main estuary, along with those of salt dispersion and freshwater influx inside the sub-estuary collectively influenced salinity variation in the well-mixed sub-estuary. These findings have important implications for water resource management and salt intrusion prevention in the catchment area.
Tidal range
Saltwater intrusion
Discharge
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Abstract Tropical cyclone–generated storm surges are among the world's most deadly and costly natural disasters. The destructive nature of this hazard was clearly seen last fall, as Hurricane Sandy generated a devastating storm surge along the mid‐Atlantic coast. The storm killed 147 people and caused approximately $50 billion in economic losses [Blake et al., 2012].
Storm Surge
Atlantic hurricane
Natural hazard
Tropical cyclone scales
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Abstract Estuary is an exclusive system and have an important role but also have vulnerabilities that can threaten life in the estuary region, so it is necessary to have knowledge of estuarine boundaries so that conservation can be maintained. This study aims to analyze the boundaries of the Cimandiri Estuary and the Cisadane Estuary based on surface water salinity, and analyze the relationship of estuarine surface water salinity with rainfall, sea surface currents and tides in the Cimandiri Estuary and Cisadane Estuary. The variables used in this study are salinity, rainfall, sea surface currents, and tides. The research method use the Cimandiri Algorithm by processing OLI Landsat 8 Imagery in 2018 and 2019. The results of this study are estuary boundaries divided into 3 estuary boundary classes specifically Mexo-oligohaline (0.5-5 ‰), Mexo-mesohaline (5-18 ‰), and Mexo-polyhaline (18-30 ‰). Cimandiri’s salinity value is strongly affected by season, then by tides and last by the currents, it is because the Cimandiri Estuary has a deep waters. Meanwhile in the Cisadane Estuary, the salinity value is strongly influenced by season, then by the currents and tides, and also influenced by freshwater from land, it is because the Cisadane Estuary has a shallow water.
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Yangtze river
Saltwater intrusion
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Visual Disturbance
Gait Disturbance
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