Tsunami generated by the volcano eruption on July 12-13 at Montserrat, Lesser Antilles
Efim PelinovskyNarcisse ZahiboP. N. DunkleyMarie EdmondsRichard A. HerdTatiana TalipovaА. С. КозелковIrina Nikolkina
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Abstract:
A major collapse of a lava dome occurred at the Soufriere Hills Volcano (Montserrat, Lesser Antilles), culminating late in the evening (11:35 PM local time) on July 12, 2003 (03:35 GMT on 13 July). This generated a tsunami, which was recorded on Montserrat 2-4 km from the generating area and Guadeloupe, 50 km from Montserrat. Results of field surveys are presented. Tsunami wave height on Montserrat may have been about 4 m according to the location of a strandline of charred trees and other floating objects at Spanish Point on the east coast of the island. The wave height on Guadeloupe according to “direct” witnesses was about 0.5-1 m at Deshaies and near Plage de la Perle. The tsunami at Deshaies caused the scattering of boats as confirmed by fishermen and local authorities. Data from the field survey are in agreement with the predicted tsunami scenario obtained by numerical simulation.Keywords:
Dome (geology)
Submarine volcano
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The evolution of the volcano activity in Montserrat could lead to the collapse of a portion of the lava dome in the Tar River Valley and to a sudden entry of debris avalanche into the Caribbean Sea. The impact of a debris avalanche with a volume of 40 × 10 6 m³ into the sea and the generated tsunami have been simulated numerically by a mixture model solving the 3D Euler's equations. The mixture is composed of sediments considered as an homogeneous fluid of density 2 and of water. Numerical tests show that the generated waves are sensitive to both initial impact velocities and avalanche fronts of the landslide. The water surface and velocities calculated by the 3D mixture model are used as input data in a non‐linear shallow water model, to calculate tsunami propagation along the coasts of Montserrat. The hydraulic risks in Montserrat are roughly assessed for a tsunami generated by a mass of 40 × 10 6 m³ entering the sea.
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The Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico has usually been considered to be a tectonically stable region, without seismic activity, in contrast, it is an area regularly affected by hurricanes. A detailed survey of ca. 100 km of the coast between Playa del Carmen and the Tulum coast, and the east coast of Cozumel Island identified the presence of three ridges containing boulders measuring >1 m and reaching five metres in height associated to Extreme Wave Event (EWE) activity.
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Abstract. The 1883 Krakatau volcanic eruption has generated a destructive tsunami higher than 40 m on the Indonesian coast where more than 36 000 lives were lost. Sea level oscillations related with this event have been reported on significant distances from the source in the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Evidence of many manifestations of the Krakatau tsunami was a subject of the intense discussion, and it was suggested that some of them are not related with the direct propagation of the tsunami waves from the Krakatau volcanic eruption. Present paper analyzes the hydrodynamic part of the Krakatau event in details. The worldwide propagation of the tsunami waves generated by the Krakatau volcanic eruption is studied numerically using two conventional models: ray tracing method and two-dimensional linear shallow-water model. The results of the numerical simulations are compared with available data of the tsunami registration.
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