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This communication is the outcome of work carried out during the years 1895–1901 in the service of the Geological Survey of Scotland. Although this systematic work has been confined to the Isle of Skye, information incidentally acquired, and the published literature of the British Tertiary rocks, indicate for the conclusions arrived at a much wider application. In this place the results must be set down without the detailed observations upon which they are based.
In the northern half of Anglesey occur several intrusions of dark hornblendic rocks, some specimens of which were placed by Henslow in the collection made by him for the Woodwardian Museum. These rocks present a type unusual in Britain, and show some peculiarities which are of considerable interest. A few years ago Professor Bonney found on the south-west coast of the island some boulders of a rock which he described under the name of Hornblende-picrite. It was subsequently pointed out by Professor Hughes that the probable source of these rocks was to be found in certain intrusive masses near Llanerchymedd, and indeed such boulders are scattered about rather abundantly in that neighbourhood and to the south-west. The rock in question seems, however, to be the common type of the larger eruptive masses in the north of Anglesey, and brief notes on slides cut from selected specimens taken in place may be found not unprofitable. The rocks were noticed and megascopically described in Henslow's Memoir.
The following notes are intended to give a complete record of chemical work to the present date on the rocks of the English Lake District, that name being employed in an extended sense to include the Lake District proper, together with the Lower Palaeozoic inliers of Edenside, Sedbergh, and Ingleton, which belong to the same natural district.This compilation should have accompanied the Petrographical Notes prepared for the Keswick excursion; and published in the last number of these Proceedings (Vol.XIV., pp.487-496), but it was not completed in time to be included there.Most of the items have appeared in an article published in " The N a t u r a l i s t " for 1899, but I have now added a number of supplementary references to bring the list down to date, and have rearranged the whole to correspond with the notes already published in these Proceedings.I give first a summary of the literature of the subject.Then follows the list of analyses, partial analyses, and silica determinations, the silica percentage being quoted in each the readiest means of identification.To each record is appended the name of the analyst and, in parenthesis, the reference to the original publication.In the case of a number of silica determinations made by students of Owens College and the Yorkshire College, under the superintendence of Dr. A. Harden and Dr.
Although the old-fashioned ideas as to the association of different minerals held by Breithaupt and others have been found to require much modification, there are still certain rules which hold with a high degree of generality. They are, indeed, merely consequences of the principle that the most important of the factors which determine the mineralogical constitution of an igneous rock, is the chemical composition of the magma from which it is formed. Roughly speaking, we may say that original free silica and acid silicates occur characteristically in acid rocks, more basic silicates in basic rocks.