P. N. Dunkley

Montserrat Volcano Observatory

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Co-Authors

R. S. J. Sparks

University of Bristol

P. E. Malin

Applied Spectral Imaging (United States)

G. S. Mattioli

The University of Texas at Arlington

Jürgen Neuberg

University of Leeds

B. Voight

Pennsylvania State University

E. Shalev

Duke University

A. T. Linde

Carnegie Institution for Science

Derek Elsworth

Pennsylvania State University

V. Bass

Montserrat Volcano Observatory

D. Hidayat

Politeknik STMI Jakarta

Cooperative Institutions

Montserrat Volcano Observatory

British Geological Survey

Lancaster University

Pennsylvania State University

University of Bristol

Lancaster University Ghana

Geoscience Australia

University of Reading

University of Western Australia

University of Cambridge

Author Statistics

Papers

Citation

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Research Field

Climate-driven variations in geothermal activity in the northern Kenya rift valley

Nature (1993)

Neil C. Sturchio P. N. Dunkley Martin Smith

Silicic

Caldera

Rift valley

East African Rift

Geothermal exploration

10.1038/362233a0

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Citations (60)

Prototype PBO instrumentation of CALIPSO project captures world‐record lava dome collapse on Montserrat Volcano

Eos (2004)

G. S. Mattioli S. R. Young B. Voight R. Steven J. Sparks

This article is an update on the status of an innovative new project designed to enhance generally our understanding of andesitic volcano eruption dynamics and, specifically the monitoring and scientific infrastructure at the active Soufrière Hills Volcano (SHV), Montserrat. The project has been designated as the Caribbean Andesite Lava Island Precision Seismo‐geodetic Observatory known as CALIPSO. Its purpose is to investigate the dynamics of the entire SHV magmatic system using an integrated array of specialized instruments in four strategically located ∼200‐m‐deep boreholes in concert with several shallower holes and surface sites. The project is unique, as it represents the first, and only such borehole volcano‐monitoring array deployed at an andesitic stratovolcano.

Stratovolcano

Lava dome

10.1029/2004eo340001

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Citations (26)

Volcanic Hazards Atlas of the Lesser Antilles

Thea Hincks R. S. J. Sparks P. N. Dunkley PD Cole

Volcanic hazards

Martinique

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Citations (3)

Tsunami generated by the volcano eruption on July 12-13 at Montserrat, Lesser Antilles

Efim Pelinovsky Narcisse Zahibo P. N. Dunkley Marie Edmonds Richard A. Herd

A major collapse of a lava dome occurred at the Soufriere Hills Volcano (Montserrat, Lesser Antilles), culminating late in the evening (11:35 PM local time) on July 12, 2003 (03:35 GMT on 13 July). This generated a tsunami, which was recorded on Montserrat 2-4 km from the generating area and Guadeloupe, 50 km from Montserrat. Results of field surveys are presented. Tsunami wave height on Montserrat may have been about 4 m according to the location of a strandline of charred trees and other floating objects at Spanish Point on the east coast of the island. The wave height on Guadeloupe according to “direct” witnesses was about 0.5-1 m at Deshaies and near Plage de la Perle. The tsunami at Deshaies caused the scattering of boats as confirmed by fishermen and local authorities. Data from the field survey are in agreement with the predicted tsunami scenario obtained by numerical simulation.

Dome (geology)

Submarine volcano

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Citations (46)

Rectilinear partition coefficient function of REE pertaining to the formation of basaltic rocks from the New Georgia Group, the Solomon Islands.

GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL (1990)

Hideyuki Sawatari Yosuke Kawata Ryuichi Sugisaki P. N. Dunkley Hiroshi Shimizu

Nine basaltic rocks from the New Georgia Group, the Solomon Islands, have been analyzed for REE, Ba and Sr abundances, Sr and Nd isotopic ratios, and major element compositions. Nd and Sr isotopic ratios of four olivine basalts and two picrite basalts fall in restricted ranges, suggesting that these rocks have a common source. REE patterns of six of these basaltic rocks have the following features: (1) The patterns have no intersection with each other, (2) All of the patterns possess a common fine structure of convex curve around Nd-Gd-Dy, and (3) Inclination of light REE span increases with increase of REE concentration. REE pattern analysis of the basalts leads to inferences that (A) a linear REE partition coefficient function with a sharp break at Ho has operated in the generation of the olivine basalts by the Rayleigh fractional crystallization of a picrite basalt magma, and (B) the absolute magnitudes of the partition coefficients did not change substantially during the magmatic differentiation.

Fractional crystallization (geology)

Peridotite

Incompatible element

10.2343/geochemj.24.159

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Citations (2)

The Ordovician marginal basin of Wales

Geological Society London Special Publications (1984)

B. P. Kokelaar M. F. Howells R. E. Bevins Robert Allen Roach P. N. Dunkley

Summary The Lower Palaeozoic Welsh Basin was founded on immature continental crust. During late Precambrian-early Cambrian times, volcanism and sedimentation were influenced by NE-SW-trending faults which defined the NW and SE margins of the basin. During the Cambrian, marine sediments infilled a graben and at the end of the Tremadoc widespread tectonism was associated with an island-arc volcanic episode. In the Ordovician this subduction-related activity was succeeded by mainly tholeiitic volcanism related to back-arc extension, with the locus of arc volcanism sited further N, in the Lake District—Leinster Zone of the Caledonides. In Wales, the Ordovician volcanic activity shifted in time and space. In S Wales volcanism persisted from the middle Arenig through the Llanvirn. In N Wales the volcanism can be broadly divided into dominantly pre-Caradoc activity in southern Snowdonia and an intra-Caradoc episode in central and northern Snowdonia. In eastern Wales, including the Welsh Borderland, and in Llŷn, both episodes are represented. In all areas faults greatly influenced both volcanism and sedimentation. Intrusive activity was dominated by high-level emplacement of sills. Granite ( s.l. ) stocks are restricted to central and northern Snowdonia and Llŷn and many were coeval with extrusive volcanism. Volcanism in the basin was essentially bimodal with voluminous eruptions of tholeiitic basalts with ocean-floor affinities, and of rhyolites. Minor volumes of andesite to rhyodacite resulted from low-pressure fractional crystallization of the tholeiitic basalts. Available evidence suggests that the rhyolites resulted mainly from crustal fusion, although in some instances evolution by crystal fractionation from intermediate magma has been proposed. Calc-alkaline assemblages are petrographically distinct, of minor occurence and, contrary to previous conclusions, are relatively insignificant in the characterization of the tectonic environment of the basin. Throughout the basin, volcanism was generally succeeded by deposition of black muds and then turbidite-dominated sequences.

10.1144/gsl.sp.1984.016.01.19

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Citations (109)

Geology of the country around Harlech : memoir for 1:50000 geological sheet 135, with part of sheet 149 (England and Wales)

Peter M. Allen Anthony Jackson P. N. Dunkley

Fact sheet

New england

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Citations (25)

Regional geochemical reconnaissance of the Cordillera Occidental of Ecuador: economic and environmental applications

Applied Geochemistry (2000)

Thomas M. Williams P. N. Dunkley Edgar Gómez Cruz Victor Acitimbay Alina Gaibor

Continental Margin

10.1016/s0883-2927(99)00059-1

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Citations (20)

Unprecedented pressure increase in deep magma reservoir triggered by lava‐dome collapse

Geophysical Research Letters (2006)

B. Voight A. T. Linde I. Selwyn Sacks G. S. Mattioli R. S. J. Sparks

The collapse of the Soufrière Hills Volcano lava dome on Montserrat in July 2003 is the largest such event worldwide in the historical record. Here we report on borehole dilatometer data recording a remarkable and unprecedented rapid (∼600s) pressurisation of a magma chamber, triggered by this surface collapse. The chamber expansion is indicated by an expansive offset at the near dilatometer sites coupled with contraction at the far site. By analyzing the strain data and using added constraints from experimental petrology and long‐term edifice deformation from GPS geodesy, we prefer a source centered at approximately 6 km depth below the crater for an oblate spheroid with overpressure increase of order 1 MPa and average radius ∼1 km. Pressurisation is attributed to growth of 1–3% of gas bubbles in supersaturated magma, triggered by the dynamics of surface unloading. Recent simulations demonstrate that pressure recovery from bubble growth can exceed initial pressure drop by nearly an order of magnitude.

Lava dome

Overpressure

Magma chamber

Dome (geology)

10.1029/2005gl024870

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Citations (208)

CALIPSO Borehole Monitoring Project at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, BWI: Overview, and Response of Magma Reservoir to Prodigious Dome Collapse

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2004)

B. Voight G. S. Mattioli A. T. Linde I. Selwyn Sacks S. R. Young

Dome (geology)

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