Abstract:
Seagrass have an important role in coastal habitats. However, its existence is now under threat. Can the production of artificial seagrass mimic the function of natural seagrass? This paper discusses the potential of artificial seagrass to mimic natural seagrass.Seagrass ecosystems are important in supporting marine biodiversity. However, the worldwide decline in seagrass areas due to anthropogenic factors leads to a decrease in the marine biodiversity they can support. There is growing awareness of the need for concepts to conserve and/or rehabilitate seagrass ecosystems. One option is to create artificial seagrass to provide a physical structure for the marine organisms to colonize. The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of some artificial seagrasses and seagrass transplants on marine biodiversity, with a focus on the macrozoobenthic community. The experimental design compared two types of artificial seagrass (polypropylene ribbons and shrub-shaped plastic leaves), and seagrass transplants from nearby seagrass meadows. The experimental plots were 4 x 4 m2 with 3 replicates. Macrozoobenthic communities were sampled fortnightly for 3.5 months. At the end of the experiment, makrozoobenthos were also sampled from a natural seagrass bed nearby. Of 116 macrozoobenthic species in the artificial seagrass plots, 91 were gastropods. The density of the macrobenthic fauna increased from the beginning to the end of the study in all treatments, but the increase was only significant for the artificial seagrass treatment (i.e. shrub-like plastic leaves). There was a distinct separation between the macrozoobenthic community structure found in the restoration plots (artificial seagrass and transplanted seagrass) compared to natural seagrass beds.
Marine ecosystem
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在中国的 Seagrass 研究仍然在它的幼年期。尽管最近有进步，仍然有很多研究，需要获得 seagrass 的更好的理解。在这篇文章，我们从二个方面在中国在 seagrass 研究考察并且讨论进展：(1 ) seagrass 种类和他们的分发；(2 ) 在中国的 seagrass 研究包括他们的分类上的研究，生态学，光合作用，在水产业的应用，咸忍耐的机制和其它研究话题。属于 8 个类的 18 seagrass 种类的一个总数在中国(包括的香港和台湾) 在九个省和区域被散布，以及 Xisha 和 Nansha 群岛。他们能被划分成二个组：一个诺思中国组和一个华南组。基于 seagrass 分发，中国大陆海岸能被划分成三节：诺思中国 Seagrass 海岸，中间的中国 Seagrass 海岸，和华南 Seagrass 海岸。生态的研究在山东，广东， Guangxi，和海南的关键区域在 seagrass 社区，在 seagrass 生态系统骑车的营养素，基因差异，污染生态学和研究上包括研究。在关键区域的 Seagrass 种类和他们的地点，社区结构，生态的评估，附生植物，生态的功能和威胁也被总结。另外的研究集中了于 seagrass，中国的威胁的 seagrass 种类，和 Halophila ovalis 的花粉形态学的遥感。关键词 seagrass - seagrass 草地 - 海洋的生态系统 n ] Guangxi 科学基础(号码 0832030 ) 支持的中国， Guangxi 大学(2008 ) 的科学研究资金， UNDP/GEF/SCCBD 工程(SCCBD/CPR/02/31 ) 和 Guangxi 给实验室资金(号码 07109007 ) 调音
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Abstract There has been a global decline in the area of seagrass ecosystems caused by the increasing number of human activities in coastal areas. It is suspected that the decline in the area of seagrass beds in Indonesia is 2%-5% per year. It takes an effort that can be used to restore the condition of seagrass beds. So far, efforts have been made to do seagrass transplants. There is a weakness in the transplant method, namely the reduction of seagrass stands in the origin (donor) area. Another effort that can be used is planting seagrass using seagrass seeds derived from seedlings. Seagrass seeds come from the seagrass, Enhalus acoroides, which is found throughout the year in the waters of Bintan Island. Furthermore, the seeds obtained will be sown for three months in the laboratory. Generally, the survival rate of seagrass seeds during the seedling process has a value of more than 90%, which is very good. Furthermore, the seeds produced from the nursery process are planted in the field. In this experimental study, 25 seedlings were planted. Seedlings were planted directly into the substrate at a depth of 10 cm (sprig method). During the four-month observation period, the survival rate declined to 20%. Several factors that affect the survival rate include the condition of the aquatic environment and human activities around it.
Blue carbon
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Worldwide, seagrass meadows are under threat. Consequently, there is a strong need for seagrass restoration to guarantee the provision of related ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration and habitat provision. Seagrass often grows in vast meadows in which the presence of seagrass itself leads to a reduction of hydrodynamic energy. By modifying the environment, seagrass thus serves as foundation species and ecosystem engineer improving habitat quality for itself and other species as well as positively affecting its own fitness. On the downside, this positive feedback mechanism can render natural recovery of vanished and destroyed seagrass meadows impossible. An innovative approach to promote positive feedback mechanisms in seagrass restoration is to create an artificial seagrass (ASG) that mimics the facilitation function of natural seagrass. ASG could provide a window of opportunity with respect to suitable hydrodynamic and light conditions as well as sediment stabilization to allow natural seagrass to re-establish. Here, we give an overview of challenges and open questions for the application of ASG to promote seagrass restoration based on experimental studies and restoration trials and we propose a general approach for the design of an ASG produced from biodegradable materials. Considering positive feedback mechanisms is crucial to support restoration attempts. ASG provides promising benefits when habitat conditions are too harsh for seagrass meadows to re-establish themselves.
Blue carbon
Posidonia oceanica
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This thesis presents a study of the marine habitats of Bahrain together with details of some of the
physical factors which may effect the distribution of those habitat types. Satellite remote sensing
techniques were employed together with aerial photography and in-field 'ground-truthing' to
locate 8 distinct habitat type. A comparison between the satellite-predicted habitat types and the
actual habitats present reveals an accuracy of greater than 87%. Over 250 intertidal and subtidal
study sites were surveyed for community type, key species, water quality measurements and
seasonal variation. A final map of 12 habitat types was produced by expanding on the satellite
characterisation using results from the detailed field surveys and the aerial reconnaissance. A set
of sensitivity maps was drawn up to identify areas of commercial and scientific importance and
to allocate areas in need of conservation, protection and management. The importance of each
habitat type and its role in the overall ecosystem is discussed. The findings of this survey
constitute the foundations for an effective national marine conservation strategy.
Seagrass beds are identified as one of the most important habitat types around Bahrain and the
effects of temperature, depth and salinity on the distribution and biomass of the three native
species of seagrass are investigated. These three factors are identified as being the most variable
physical factors likely to constrain seagrass growth and distribution. 14 sites were surveyed at
different seasonal periods to collect data on the biomass, leaf length and leaf number of the
different species of seagrass along with temperature, depth and salinity data. The leaf
measurements and biomass data from the 3 species of seagrass show a clear relationship to
physical factors. Temperature effects the growth of all 3 species to a varying extent. Water depth
influences the distribution and growth patterns of Halodule uninervis and Halophila stipulacea.
Salinity has no apparent effect on biomass or distribution. The possibility that salinity influences
growth pattern and leaf morphology, particularly in Halophila ovalis, is inconclusive and would
require further investigation.
Marine habitats
Blue carbon
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Seagrass have an important role in coastal habitats. However, its existence is now under threat. Can the production of artificial seagrass mimic the function of natural seagrass? This paper discusses the potential of artificial seagrass to mimic natural seagrass.
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Five seagrass species have been identified in Guangxi shoal water,Beibu Gulf.They are.Zostera japonica,Syringodium isoetifolium,Halodule uninervis,Halophila ovalis and Halophila beccarii.As a total,there are about 640hm2 seagrass beds in Guangxi coastal areas,of which 540hm2 distributes in Hepu,about 100hm2 in Pearl Bay of Fangchenggang and a few in Beihai.The areas of seagrass beds obviously changed in season and annual,and degraded in general.The seagrass bed in Hepu is one of the most important habitats to China seagrass conservation.The collected data and papers showed that only a few scientific studies had been conducted on Guangxi seagrass.All seagrass habitats except Hepu were only reported in the past six years.The ecological services of seagrass,human and natural threats to Guangxi seagrass and a brief review on China and Guangxi seagrass researches are released.More studies and monitoring are required to the Guangxi seagrass for the special role of seagrass in maintaining offshore environment and marine biodiversity during the bloom of Guangxi coastal economy.
Thalassia testudinum
Marine habitats
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