Induced Seismicity in the Khibiny Massif (Kola Peninsula)
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The topic of this paper is to review recent processes of increasing seismic activity in the Khibiny Massif in the Kola Peninsula. It is a typical example of induced seismicity caused by rock deformation due to the extraction of more than 2 • 109 tons of rock mass since the mid-1960s. The dependence of seismic activity on the amount of extracted ore is demonstrated. Some of the induced earthquakes coincide with large mining explosions, thus indicating a trigger mechanism. The largest earthquake, which occurred on 16 April 1989 (M L = 4.1) could be traced along the surface for 1200 m and observed to a depth of at least 220 m. The maximum measured displacement was 15–20 cm.Keywords:
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The Vuruchuaivench massif is part of the Monchegorsk pluton and located in center of Kola Peninsula. The massif is known for its PGE mineralization with an average of 2-2.5 ppm PGE, samples containing 19 ppm are also found. Main rocks of massif – metasomatized gabbronorites and anortosites. Presence of metasomatic propylite rock was for the first time established in the territory. Two propylite groups that differ by mineral composition were identified. PGE mineralization is associated with quartz-chlorite-albite group; mineralization is not related with another - albite group. There is a difference in the total REE content in gabbronorites and propylites. Closeness of graphs REE concentrations in all rocks array may indicate their genetic relationship. Among platinum group minerals in ore of Vuruchuaivench massif prevail arsenides and sulphoarsenides. Age of propylites (Rb-Sr isotopic system) is 2,470 ± 130 Ma. Isotopic data indicate a slight part of a crustal component in formation of rocks and ores of Vuruchuaivench massif.
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Massif
Kola peninsula
geodynamics
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The topic of this paper is to review recent processes of increasing seismic activity in the Khibiny Massif in the Kola Peninsula. It is a typical example of induced seismicity caused by rock deformation due to the extraction of more than 2 • 109 tons of rock mass since the mid-1960s. The dependence of seismic activity on the amount of extracted ore is demonstrated. Some of the induced earthquakes coincide with large mining explosions, thus indicating a trigger mechanism. The largest earthquake, which occurred on 16 April 1989 (M L = 4.1) could be traced along the surface for 1200 m and observed to a depth of at least 220 m. The maximum measured displacement was 15–20 cm.
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Kola peninsula
Peninsula
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The paper studies accessory Cr-spinels from deep drill holes crossing the Nude-Poaz massif, which is a part of the Monchegorsk mafic-ultramafic layered complex (2.5 Ga, Kola Peninsula, Russia). Cr-spinels occur as two morphological types that differ in their chemical composition, i.e., Cr-spinels of the first type are more aluminous, while Cr-spinels of the second type are more ferruginous and titaniferous. Cr-spinels of the Nude-Poaz massif are characterized by a Fe-Ti trend known for layered intrusions in the world. Cr-spinels of the Nude-Poaz massif quite clearly differ in composition from chromites of the Sopcheozero deposit: they are more ferruginous and less chromous. The specific composition of Cr-spinels in rocks of the Nude-Poaz massif can be correlated with the sequence of the magmatic phases intrusion.
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