[Composition and distribution characteristics of macroinvertebrates in subtidal zone of the main marine bays in Fujian Province, China].
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With data for distributions and diversities of macroinvertebrates from 12 main subtidal zones in the bays of Fujian on August 2010, we investigated species composition, biodiversity and community structure, as well as their relationships with environmental factors. The results showed that 382 macroinvertebrates were recorded, which included 170 annelids, 75 crustaceans, 78 mollusks, 19 echinodermata, and 40 other species. The species richness, individual abundance, biomass and biodiversity indices showed significantly spatial variability. The average of species richness was (55±21), with the highest (92) in Luoyuan Bay and the lowest species (25) in Jiuzhen Bay. Polychaetes was dominant species in each bay, with an average percentage of (51.8±5.5)%. Zhaoan Bay had the highest average individual abundance with (1330±1094) ind·m-2, followed by Fuqing Bay, Xiamen Bay and Meizhou Bay, while Quanzhou bay had the lowest. Xinghua Bay had the highest average biomass with (821.2±2387.7) g·m-2, followed by Fuqing Bay and Xiamen Bay. Both richness index and Shannon diversity were much higher in Luoyuan Bay, Meizhou Bay, Shenhu Bay, Xiamen Bay and Dongshan Bay, and their values were low in Fuqing Bay and Jiuzhen Bay. The mean value for d and H across all bays was (0.80±0.09) and (2.73±0.64), respectively. The macroinvertebrates of the study area were divided into 14 groups using a criterion of 20% similarity. The stations in Luoyuan Bay had the highest similarity and the lowest spatial variability, and followed by Sansha Bay, Fuqing Bay, Shenhu Bay and Zhaoan Bay. The higher variability of community composition was found among the stations for the rest bays. On the basis of Spearman correlations among species richness, biodiversity indices and environmental factors, as well as PCA analy-sis, Cu in the sediment, water depth, and dissolved inorganic phosphorus in bottom water were the main factors driving the spatial variability of composition and distribution of macroinvertebrates in the study area.根据2010年8月对福建省12个主要海湾潮下带大型底栖无脊椎动物的调查资料,分析了大型底栖无脊椎动物的种类组成、生物多样性和群落结构分布特征及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明: 12个海湾共采集到大型底栖动物382种,包括环节动物170种、甲壳动物75种、软体动物78种、棘皮动物19种,以及其他类群40种.物种数、丰度、生物量和生物多样性指数空间差异较大: 罗源湾物种数最高,为92种,旧镇湾最低,为25种,所有海湾平均(55±21)种;所有海湾在物种组成上均为多毛类占优势,其平均物种数百分比为(51.8±5.5)%;诏安湾平均丰度最高,为(1330±1094) ind·m-2,其次为福清湾、厦门湾、湄洲湾,泉州湾最低;兴化湾平均生物量最高,为(821.2±2387.7) g·m-2,其次为福清湾、厦门湾,深沪湾最低;丰富度指数和Shannon多样性指数在罗源湾、湄洲湾、深沪湾、厦门湾和东山湾呈现较高值,而在福清湾和旧镇湾呈现较低值,两者的全域均值分别为(0.80±0.09)和(2.73±0.64).以相似度20%为界,可将研究区域的大型底栖无脊椎动物划分为14个群组,其中罗源湾内各站位间群落相似度最高,湾内差异最小,其次为三沙湾、福清湾、深沪湾和诏安湾,而其他海湾不同站位的群落组成差异较大.物种数、多样性指数和环境因子间的相关性分析和主成分分析显示,造成研究区大型底栖动物群落结构组成和分布差异的主要环境因子依次为沉积物铜、水深和底层水体活性磷酸盐.Keywords:
Bay mud
Diversity index
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With data for distributions and diversities of macroinvertebrates from 12 main subtidal zones in the bays of Fujian on August 2010, we investigated species composition, biodiversity and community structure, as well as their relationships with environmental factors. The results showed that 382 macroinvertebrates were recorded, which included 170 annelids, 75 crustaceans, 78 mollusks, 19 echinodermata, and 40 other species. The species richness, individual abundance, biomass and biodiversity indices showed significantly spatial variability. The average of species richness was (55±21), with the highest (92) in Luoyuan Bay and the lowest species (25) in Jiuzhen Bay. Polychaetes was dominant species in each bay, with an average percentage of (51.8±5.5)%. Zhaoan Bay had the highest average individual abundance with (1330±1094) ind·m-2, followed by Fuqing Bay, Xiamen Bay and Meizhou Bay, while Quanzhou bay had the lowest. Xinghua Bay had the highest average biomass with (821.2±2387.7) g·m-2, followed by Fuqing Bay and Xiamen Bay. Both richness index and Shannon diversity were much higher in Luoyuan Bay, Meizhou Bay, Shenhu Bay, Xiamen Bay and Dongshan Bay, and their values were low in Fuqing Bay and Jiuzhen Bay. The mean value for d and H across all bays was (0.80±0.09) and (2.73±0.64), respectively. The macroinvertebrates of the study area were divided into 14 groups using a criterion of 20% similarity. The stations in Luoyuan Bay had the highest similarity and the lowest spatial variability, and followed by Sansha Bay, Fuqing Bay, Shenhu Bay and Zhaoan Bay. The higher variability of community composition was found among the stations for the rest bays. On the basis of Spearman correlations among species richness, biodiversity indices and environmental factors, as well as PCA analy-sis, Cu in the sediment, water depth, and dissolved inorganic phosphorus in bottom water were the main factors driving the spatial variability of composition and distribution of macroinvertebrates in the study area.根据2010年8月对福建省12个主要海湾潮下带大型底栖无脊椎动物的调查资料,分析了大型底栖无脊椎动物的种类组成、生物多样性和群落结构分布特征及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明: 12个海湾共采集到大型底栖动物382种,包括环节动物170种、甲壳动物75种、软体动物78种、棘皮动物19种,以及其他类群40种.物种数、丰度、生物量和生物多样性指数空间差异较大: 罗源湾物种数最高,为92种,旧镇湾最低,为25种,所有海湾平均(55±21)种;所有海湾在物种组成上均为多毛类占优势,其平均物种数百分比为(51.8±5.5)%;诏安湾平均丰度最高,为(1330±1094) ind·m-2,其次为福清湾、厦门湾、湄洲湾,泉州湾最低;兴化湾平均生物量最高,为(821.2±2387.7) g·m-2,其次为福清湾、厦门湾,深沪湾最低;丰富度指数和Shannon多样性指数在罗源湾、湄洲湾、深沪湾、厦门湾和东山湾呈现较高值,而在福清湾和旧镇湾呈现较低值,两者的全域均值分别为(0.80±0.09)和(2.73±0.64).以相似度20%为界,可将研究区域的大型底栖无脊椎动物划分为14个群组,其中罗源湾内各站位间群落相似度最高,湾内差异最小,其次为三沙湾、福清湾、深沪湾和诏安湾,而其他海湾不同站位的群落组成差异较大.物种数、多样性指数和环境因子间的相关性分析和主成分分析显示,造成研究区大型底栖动物群落结构组成和分布差异的主要环境因子依次为沉积物铜、水深和底层水体活性磷酸盐.
Bay mud
Diversity index
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Rank abundance curve
Diversity index
Similarity (geometry)
Gamma diversity
Prioritization
Relative abundance distribution
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Numerous studies have examined the effect of urbanization on species richness and most studies implicate urbanization as the major cause of biodiversity loss. However, no study has identified an explicit connection between urbanization and biodiversity loss as the impact of urbanization is typically inferred indirectly by comparing species diversity along urban-rural gradients at a single time point. A different approach is to focus on the temporal rather than the spatial aspect and perform “before and after” studies where species diversity is cataloged over time in the same sites. The current study examined changes in ant abundance and diversity associated with the conversion of natural habitats into urban habitats. Ant abundance and diversity were tracked in forested sites that became urbanized through construction and were examined at 3 time points - before, during, and after construction. On average, 4.3±1.2 unique species were detected in undisturbed plots prior to construction. Ant diversity decreased to 0.7±0.8 species in plots undergoing construction and 1.5±1.1 species in plots 1 year after construction was completed. With regard to species richness, urbanization resulted in the permanent loss of 17 of the 20 species initially present in the study plots. Recovery was slow and only 3 species were present right after construction was completed and 4 species were present 1 year after construction was completed. The second objective examined ant fauna recovery in developed residential lots based on time since construction, neighboring habitat quality, pesticide inputs, and the presence of invasive ants. Ant diversity was positively correlated with factors that promoted ecological recovery and negatively correlated with factors that promoted ecological degradation. Taken together, these results address a critical gap in our knowledge by characterizing the short- and long-term the effects of urbanization on the loss of ant biodiversity.
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The development of predictive models of the impacts of exotic species is one of the major goals of invasion biology. Understanding the mechanisms by which introduced species affect their host assemblages is an important prerequisite for the development of such models. Here we describe experiments that tested hypotheses about the effects and mechanisms of a recently introduced polychaete, Sabella spallanzanii, on other sessile invertebrates in sessile epifaunal assemblages in southern Australia. Substantial effects were considered likely because sabellids reach high densities in some areas and form a canopy of feeding fans that might affect recruitment to the substratum. Sabellids were cleared from pilings, and then recruitment to plates on cleared and uncleared pilings was compared. Different treatments were also applied to the settlement plates to test for effects at a smaller scale than that of entire pilings: plates either had ambient densities of fanworms attached, had fanworm mimics, or were left bare. Plates with mimics were used to test for the effects of physical structure on recruitment, and plates with live worms were compared to these to test for biological effects. S. spallanzanii affected the recruitment of several sessile taxa. On the larger (piling) scale, recruitment of barnacles, bryozoans, and one sponge was inhibited beneath fanworms, while recruitment of another sponge was enhanced. On the smaller scale, sponges, serpulid polychaetes, barnacles, and bryozoans were affected, but effects were mostly inhibitory at one site and positive at another. These effects appeared to be mostly due to physical structure (worm mimics produced the same results as real worms). Most taxa recruited to S. spallanzanii and mimic tubes, but this mechanism only caused significant enhancement of overall recruitment for a few taxa. Sampling of the water column around cleared and uncleared pilings showed that the abundance of planktonic organisms, including larvae, was lower beneath fanworm canopies. The results show that S. spallanzanii strongly influences recruitment of other sessile taxa, but the effects varied between spatial scales and sites and among taxa. This implies that development of predictive models of the effects of similar invaders will require detailed knowledge of the responses of individual species that comprise local assemblages.
Sponge
Marine invertebrates
Clearance
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