Age and isotopic systematics of Cretaceous borehole and surface samples from the greater Los Angeles Basin region: Implications for the types of crust that might underlie Los Angeles and their distribution along late Cenozoic fault systems
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Nine U-Pb zircon ages were determined on plutonic rocks sampled from surface outcrops and rock chips of drill core from boreholes within the greater Los Angeles Basin region. In addition, lead-strontium-neodymium (Pb-Sr-Nd) whole-rock isotopic data were obtained for eight of these samples. These results help to characterize the crystalline basement rocks hidden in the subsurface and provide information that bears on the tectonic history of the myriad of fault systems that have dissected the Los Angeles region over the past 15 m.y. Seven of the nine samples have U-Pb ages ranging from 115 to 103 Ma and whole-rock Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics that indicate the crystalline basement underneath the greater Los Angeles Basin region is mostly part of the Peninsular Ranges batholith. Furthermore, these data are interpreted as evidence for (1) the juxtaposition of mid-Cretaceous, northern Peninsular Ranges batholith plutonic rocks against Late Cretaceous plutonic rocks of the Transverse Ranges in the San Fernando Valley, probably along the Verdugo fault; (2) the juxtaposition of older northwestern Peninsular Ranges batholith rocks against younger northeastern Peninsular Ranges batholith rocks in the northern Puente Hills, implying transposition of northeastern Peninsular Ranges batholith rocks to the west along unrecognized faults beneath the Chino Basin; and (3) juxtaposition of northern Peninsular Ranges batholith plutonic rocks against Late Cretaceous plutonic rocks of the Transverse Ranges along the San Jose fault in the northern San Jose Hills at Ganesha Park. These mainly left-lateral strike-slip faults of the eastern part of the greater Los Angeles Basin region could be the result of block rotation within the adjacent orthogonal, right-lateral, Elsinore-Whittier fault zone to the west and the subparallel San Jacinto fault zone to the east. The San Andreas fault system is the larger, subparallel, driving force further to the east.Nine U-Pb zircon ages were determined on plutonic rocks sampled from surface outcrops and rock chips of drill core from boreholes within the greater Los Angeles Basin region. In addition, lead-strontium-neodymium (Pb-Sr-Nd) whole-rock isotopic data were obtained for eight of these samples. These results help to characterize the crystalline basement rocks hidden in the subsurface and provide information that bears on the tectonic history of the myriad of fault systems that have dissected the Los Angeles region over the past 15 m.y. Seven of the nine samples have U-Pb ages ranging from 115 to 103 Ma and whole-rock Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics that indicate the crystalline basement underneath the greater Los Angeles Basin region is mostly part of the Peninsular Ranges batholith. Furthermore, these data are interpreted as evidence for (1) the juxtaposition of mid-Cretaceous, northern Peninsular Ranges batholith plutonic rocks against Late Cretaceous plutonic rocks of the Transverse Ranges in the San Fernando Valley, probably along the Verdugo fault; (2) the juxtaposition of older northwestern Peninsular Ranges batholith rocks against younger northeastern Peninsular Ranges batholith rocks in the northern Puente Hills, implying transposition of northeastern Peninsular Ranges batholith rocks to the west along unrecognized faults beneath the Chino Basin; and (3) juxtaposition of northern Peninsular Ranges batholith plutonic rocks against Late Cretaceous plutonic rocks of the Transverse Ranges along the San Jose fault in the northern San Jose Hills at Ganesha Park. These mainly left-lateral strike-slip faults of the eastern part of the greater Los Angeles Basin region could be the result of block rotation within the adjacent orthogonal, right-lateral, Elsinore-Whittier fault zone to the west and the subparallel San Jacinto fault zone to the east. The San Andreas fault system is the larger, subparallel, driving force further to the east.
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Abstract. Borehole 49/24-1 (Shell/Esso), which is the reference borehole for the Lower Cretaceous Cromer Knoll Group in the southern North Sea, is subdivided lithostratigraphically and biostratigraphically. The resulting stratigraphy is briefly compared to onshore U.K. outcrop and borehole sections of comparable age and lithofacies. The regional stratigraphical implications for the correlation of offshore and onshore sections of Lower Cretaceous (Albian) strata are briefly discussed.
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Cretaceous facies types and subsidence history have been studied along two well outcropping and almost complete transversals through the Tellian units of the Mesozoic North African margin, the Western Rif (Morocco), and the Babors (Algeria). Sedimentologic observations and characteristic foraminiferal assemblages enabled estimates for Late Cretaceous paleobathymetries. Both palinspastic reconstruction and sedimentologic and biofacies analyses led to the following results. (1) The morphology and evolution of the Cretaceous North African margin, which in general represents a classic passive continental margin, were complicated by various factors such as Late Cretaceous compressional and lateral movements, the onset of (tectonically controlled ) diapirism, and the existence of intramarginal highs and basins. (2) The Cretaceous subsidence history of both areas can be divided into four stages which are accompanied by characteristic sedimentary formations: (I) distension and subsidence of the margin (Early Cretaceous); (II) a first compressional phase with uplift and slight metamorphism in the Albian/early Cenomanian which affected mainly the northerly paleogeographic zones, accompanied by first diapiric movements and resedimentation of Triassic saliferous material; (III) a Late Cretaceous stage of subsidence (Cenomanian-Santonian); and (IV) a second compressional phase starting with the Campanian and reflected by the formation of sedimentary klippes and olistostromes. (3) Asmore » a general trend, sedimentary basins deepened from south to north during Campanian/Maastrichtian time, giving rise to a characteristic succession of bathymetric zones which have been observed on both transversals.« less
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Production from the western part of the Zagros fold and thrust belt southeastern Turkey is characterized by high-sulfur (2-3%) oils from middle Cretaceous Mardin Formation. The oils are generated from two carbonate sources, one from the middle Cretaceous passive margin sequence and one deposited as a part of the Upper Cretaceous foreland basin sequence. Both sources are associated with transgressive events coincident with two recognized Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events in Cenomanian-Turonian and Coniacian-Santonian. Geochemical markers in the oils substantiate the restricted, anoxic conditions characteristic of their source rock deposition. During the Upper Cretaceous compressional event, horsts formed buttresses to advancing oceanic thrust sheets. The oceanic thrust sheets consisted of the Karadut and Kocali formations, oceanic equivalents of the Mesozoic shelf. The middle and Upper Cretaceous source facies were rapidly and deeply buried by the tectonically thickened thrust sheets adjacent to the buttresses. Thick burial by the oceanic rocks was critical for thermal maturation of the sources. Geohistory modeling shows generation occurred during the Tertiary coincidental with tectonic activity that probably allowed oil migration to occur along new or reactivated Cretaceous faults.
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Abstract. Analysis of cored sections from the Central North Sea Basin, boreholes from the onshore Netherlands and onshore sections from the UK and Germany has enabled a major reappraisal of Lower Cretaceous nannofossil datums. The Lower Albian to Upper Barremian interval has, in particular, been comprehensively amended. Five new species, Crucibiscutum bosunensis sp. nov., Crucibiscutum ryazanicum sp. nov., Lithraphidites houghtonii sp. nov., Seribiscutum dentatum sp. nov., Staurolithites palmula sp. nov. and one new sub-species, Biscutum constans cavum ssp. nov. are described.
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