Deltaic Progradation During Maximum Marine Transgression, the Heebner Shale Member of the Oread Limestone Formation (Virgilian), Southeast Kansas and Northeast Oklahoma
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Progradation
Marine transgression
Abstract Understanding how sedimentary rocks represent time is one of the significant challenges in sedimentology. Sedimentation rates retrieved from vertical sections are strongly timescale dependent, which means that we cannot use empirical rate data derived from vertical sections in modern environments to interpret the temporal structure of ancient sedimentary deposits. We use the Lower to Middle Campanian Blackhawk Formation deposits in eastern Utah and western Colorado as a natural laboratory to test a source‐to‐sink methodology circumventing this timescale dependence by relating modern progradation rates to the deltaic shoreline progradation of ancient siliciclastic rocks. Our objective is to quantify how much time is needed to account for the observed cumulative deltaic shoreline progradation recorded by the shallow‐marine sandstone bodies of the Blackhawk Formation in terms of progradation rates derived from comparable modern deltaic systems. By making the simplifying assumption that the Blackhawk Formation rocks were deposited along a linear coastline that only grew by aggradation and progradation, it is possible to argue that the stratigraphic completeness of two‐dimensional dip‐oriented stratigraphic cross‐sections through these deposits should be high. Furthermore, we hypothesise that delta progradation estimates capture a significant portion of the biostratigraphically and radiometrically constrained duration of the succession. By comparing the recorded progradation with modern progradation rates, we estimate that we need ca. 20% (median value, with minimum and maximum estimates of 2% and 300%) of the time available from biostratigraphic and radiometric dating to account for the progradation recorded by the sedimentary deposits. This indicates that long‐term progradation rates averaged over the entire duration of the Blackhawk Formation were only a factor of five times slower than the modern progradation rates derived from observations over periods that are five to six orders of magnitude shorter. We conclude that a significant amount of time is represented by prograding deltaic shoreline deposits and that by considering the cumulative shoreline progradation, we could limit the effects of timescale dependence on the rate estimates used in our analysis.
Progradation
Aggradation
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Progradation
Marine transgression
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Evolution and environmental changes in the coastal plain of the headwater of Rio de la Plata. The coastal plains and surrounding areas in the south of Entre Rios Province together with the Parana delta represent the innermost environments of the Rio de la Plata that were affected by the late Pleistocene-Holocene post-glacial transgression. Thus, they evolved in the context of the evolution of the entire Rio de La Plata as a result of the combined effect of relative sea-level rise and fall, the coastal dynamic in the former littoral environments, climatic changes and substrate topography. The sedimentary record consists of a sequence of estuarine deposits, resulting from migration of a muddy depocentre during the transgression, underlying deposits representing beach-ridges, plains, dunes, low-energy beaches and deltas that evolved during the regressive event. These sediments respectively constitute two system tracts, transgressive and highstand, which are part of the sequences extended all along the entire La Plata river. There were three evolutionary stages. The first corresponds to the transition from transgression to highstand during times of higher temperature and humidity than at present, when the estuarine depocenter that had previously invaded the La Plata river reached its innermost position; minor deltas developed at the mouths of small rivers and beach ridges systems began to form. The second represents the first part of the highstand when drier climatic conditions prevailed, resulting in the interruption of progradation of small deltas and replacement by estuarine beaches formed by littoral drift and formation of dunes. The last stage elapsed from the moment when climatic conditions became more humid as the present conditions developed, such that an increase in water supply from the Parana river induced the formation of the Parana delta and the consequent isolation of the former innermost estuarine and beach-ridges environments. Regional correlations supported by radiocarbon dating reveal a synchronism between geomorphological events and features in the study area and in the southern margin of the Rio de La Plata.
Marine transgression
Progradation
Transgressive
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At the end of the last glacial period, a major marine transgression inundated the entire Persian Gulf. The precise position of the coastline with time has been the subject of several alternate interpretations. Utilizing sea level curves, shallow well data, sediment loads, satellite imagery, geomorphology, archeologic information, and historical data; the transgression and subsequent delta progradation at the head of the Persian Gulf can be delineated. The maximum transgression, at about 6000 B.P., extended about 400 km inland from the present shoreline. After 6000 B.P., the Shatt-al-Arab Delta prograded southward to its current position. Previous uncertainty about the extent of innundation and sedimentation in this archaeologically important area is, in part, the result of assymetric infilling of the embayment by large quantities of sediment from the Karun-Karkheh-Jarrahi River system. This portion of the delta prograded rapidly to the south, isolating a large portion of the embayment from the rest of the Gulf. The Hawzr marshes of today are the remnant of the freshwater lake(s) that formed in this fashion. The impact of these events on our knowledge of early human occupation and the development of civilization in the Tigris-Euphrates valley, is profound.
Marine transgression
Progradation
River delta
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Abstract The Holocene marine transgression in the Aegean Sea area has significantly impacted prehistoric societies. Toumba Gona is a tell site located at the mouth of the Anthemous River, east of Thessaloniki Bay. According to earlier research, the site should be dated at most to the late stage of the Early Bronze Age. Geoarchaeological research by means of electrical resistivity tomography, vibra‐coring, sedimentological analysis, and radiocarbon dating shows, however, that the direct proximity of the site witnessed the maximum marine transgression around 3000–2500 BC and the human habitation phase before the 3rd millennium BC, before the transgression. The coastline began to recede due to the delta progradation, which resulted in the formation of extensive marshes to the south of the Toumba. The increased fluvial activity since the end of the 4th millennium BC is relatable with the progradation of the Anthemous River's bay head delta. Human occupation was recorded before and after the marine transgression thus suggesting human persistence in the coastline environment.
Marine transgression
Progradation
Geoarchaeology
Chalcolithic
River delta
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Marine transgression
Progradation
Margin (machine learning)
Continental Margin
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Abstract The rate of transgression is one of the primary factors that determine the character of preserved stratigraphic sequences. Slow transgressions result in reworking of underlying sediment and interfingering of facies. In contrast, rapid transgressions may be characterized by nearly complete preservation of underlying strata and structures, and a lack of interfingering deposits. The White Rim Sandstone (Permian), in southeastern Utah, U.S.A., provides a well exposed example of the effective stratigraphic preservation of a sandstone sequence that was transgressed during a relative sea-level rise sometime between the late Leonardian and the mid-Guadalupian. This event resulted in the flooding of, at first, a coastal dune complex in the west, and later an erg interior environment to the east, farther inland. The initial, slow rise is recorded by reworked eolian sands and the interfingering of eolian and marine facies. As the transgression moved farther inland across the erg, the rate of relative sea-level rise increased, and resulted in only minor reworking of eolian strata, and preservation of significant eolian paleotopography. Despite the change in rate of relative sea-level rise through time, a distinctly episodic character can be documented throughout. During the initial, slow phase of the rise, stillstands were of long enough duration to permit seaward progradation of eolian sands. Stillstands during the final, rapid phase of the relative sea-level rise were short and shoreline related features are consequently not preserved.
Marine transgression
Progradation
Transgressive
Sabkha
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