Geochemistry of the Mabujina Complex, Central Cuba: Implications on the Cuban Cretaceous Arc Rocks
Olivier BleinStéphane GuillotHenriette LapierreBernard Mercier de LépinayJean-Marc LardeauxG. Millán TrujilloMarcelo Pereira CamposAlberto E. García
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Abstract:
The margins of the Caribbean plate are marked by Cretaceous island‐arc basalts associated with accreted fragments of the Cretaceous Colombian Caribbean oceanic plateau. In Cuba, the Cretaceous volcanic island‐arc rocks are in fault contact with the Mabujina complex, interpreted as an oceanic Jurassic to Early Cretaceous arc basement with local island‐arc rocks. The Cuban Cretaceous island arc consists of Early to Late Cretaceous volcanic series associated with limestones. While the pre‐Albian arc rocks consist of tholeiitic basalts and rhyolites, the post‐Albian volcanic series is characterized by calc‐alkaline andesites. The Cretaceous lavas have Sr and Nd isotopic compositions similar to the intraoceanic arcs, and the Pb isotopic initial ratios are close to the East Pacific Rise mid‐ocean ridge basalt field. According to our data, the Mabujina arc rocks are tholeiites and calc‐alkaline basalts, developed in a Jurassic and/or Early Cretaceous intraoceanic island arc. Their Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic compositions indicate that they derive from a depleted mantle source contaminated by sediments. This subduction magmatism is not related to the classic Early Cretaceous Caribbean tholeiitic series but is similar to the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Guerrero arc terrane from Mexico and may represent its southernmost extension. Thus, the different tectonic units of central Cuba cannot be easily correlated with those of Hispaniola. Our data also indicate that two different island arcs were tectonically juxtaposed in central Cuba: the classical Lower and Upper Cretaceous suites of the Greater Antilles arc and a Jurassic to Early Cretaceous island‐arc suite with a Pacific provenance.Keywords:
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The Journal of the Japanese Association of Mineralogists Petrologists and Economic Geologists (1986)
Two petrographic provinces are classified in the Miocene volcanic rocks widely exposed in areas to the east of the Quaternary volcanic front of Northeast Japan. The first is that of the island arc tholeiite in the Kitakami river area, where rocks are basalts, andesites and dacites, all being of the island arc tholeiite or calc-alkali rock series. On the other hand, the second is a mixed province of the oceanic tholeiite and the island arc tholeiite series, in which occur, in association with the island arc tholeiitic rocks, basalts and andesites occasionally rich in TiO2 and FeO*, icelandite-like andesites and dacites similar in composition to rocks of the oceanic regions. Its area extends from Sendai southwards to the Abukuma mountains district. The boundary between the two provinces corresponds to the Matsushima-Honjo line defined by Oide and Onuma (1960).
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A study of magmatism, one of the most important factors in the differentiation of matter of the Earth. It covers geological structures volcanic series, genesis of basaltic magma, and petrology of andesites of island arcs, and more.
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The Teneme Formation is located in the Mayari-Cristal ophiolitic massif and represents one of the three Cretaceous volcanic Formations established in northeastern Cuba. Teneme volcanics are cut by small bodies of 89.70 ± 0.50 Ma quarz-diorite rocks (Rio Grande intrusive), and are overthrusted by serpentinized ultramafics. Teneme volcanic rocks are mainly basalts, basaltic andesites, andesites, and minor dacites, and their geochemical signature varies between low-Ti island arc tholeiites (IAT) with boninitic affinity (TiO2 < 0.4 %; high field strength elements << N-type MORB) and typical oceanic arc tholeiites (TiO2 = 0.5-0.8 %). Basaltic rocks exhibit low light REE/Yb ratios (La/Yb < 5), typical of intraoceanic arcs and are comparable to Maimon Formation in Dominican Republic (IAT, pre Albian) and Puerto Rican lavas of volcanic phase I (island arc tholeiites, Aptian to Early Albian). The mantle wedge signature of the Teneme Formation indicates a highly depleted MORB-type mantle source, without any contribution of E-MORB or OIB components. Our results suggest that Teneme volcanism represents a primitive oceanic island arc environment. If the Late Cretaceous age (Turonian or early Coniacian) proposed for Teneme Formation is correct, our results indicate that the Cretaceous volcanic rocks of eastern Cuba and the Dominican Republic are not segments of a single arc system, and that in Late Cretaceous (Albian-Campanian) Caribbean island arc development is not represented only by calc-alkaline (CA) volcanic rocks as has been suggested in previous works.
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Allochthonous upper Paleozoic volcanic island-arc suites of the U.S. Cordillera have previously been interpreted as parts of a single island arc. New lithologic, age, structural, biogeographic, and geochemical data indicate the presence at least of two arcs, one built on a basement with continental crustal affinities including that of the Northern Sierra terrane, and the other built on an oceanic basement including that of the Eastern Klamath terrane. In the Garfield Hills, western Nevada, the Lower Permian Black Dike Formation appears to be a remnant of the Northern Sierra Paleozoic island arc. It consists of calc-alkaline rocks with low-to-negative ratios. Volcanic rocks share similar ages, magmatic affinities, and ratios with lavas of the Goodhue Formation in the Northern Sierra terrane. Our new data suggest that these rocks are part of the Northern Sierra terrane, and we therefore infer that part of western Nevada was originally underlain by a basement with continental crustal affinities.
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Northern Hokkaido is situated in the back arc region behind the arc-arc junction of the Kurile and Northeast Japan arc. The district is unique because it is located between two back-arc basins, Kurile and Japan basins. Tertiary small-scale shield-like volcanoes (flat lavas) and volcaniclastic formations are widely distributed in this district. 9 K-Ar ages and 148 major element chemistries for these volcanic rocks were determined to clarify their petrological features and tectonic evolution of this district. The newly determined and previously reported K-Ar ages indicate that the vigorous volcanic activity took place during a short period from 14 to 9 Ma in the district. Total volume of the volcanic rocks is more than 650 km3. The volume of the volcanic rocks decreases from east (Sea of Okhotsk side) to west (Japan Sea side), suggesting that the volcanism took place mainly in eastern to central part. Most of the volcanic rocks are calc-alkaline and low-K to medium-K tholeiitic andesites, common in island arc setting. However, high TiO2 andesites and icelandite-like dacites also occur along the Sea of Okhotsk. In addition, the volcanic rocks in northern Hokkaido show no systematic across-arc lateral variation in K2O content. The spatial variation in the chemical composition suggests that the Tertiary volcanism in northern Hokkaido was not caused by subduction of the Pacific plate. We presume that the volcanism was due to the episodic uprising of heat source (asthenospheric mantle?) which should be related to the opening of the Kurile basin.
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The Teneme Formation is located in the Mayari-Cristal ophiolitic massif and represents one of the three Cretaceous volcanic Formations established in northeastern Cuba. Teneme volcanics are cut by small bodies of 89.70 ± 0.50 Ma quarz-diorite rocks (Rio Grande intrusive), and are overthrusted by serpentinized ultramafics. Teneme volcanic rocks are mainly basalts, basaltic andesites, andesites, and minor dacites, and their geochemical signature varies between low-Ti island arc tholeiites (IAT) with boninitic affinity (TiO2 < 0.4 %; high field strength elements << N-type MORB) and typical oceanic arc tholeiites (TiO2 = 0.5-0.8 %). Basaltic rocks exhibit low light REE/Yb ratios (La/Yb < 5), typical of intraoceanic arcs and are comparable to Maimon Formation in Dominican Republic (IAT, pre Albian) and Puerto Rican lavas of volcanic phase I (island arc tholeiites, Aptian to Early Albian). The mantle wedge signature of the Teneme Formation indicates a highly depleted MORB-type mantle source, without any contribution of E-MORB or OIB components. Our results suggest that Teneme volcanism represents a primitive oceanic island arc environment. If the Late Cretaceous age (Turonian or early Coniacian) proposed for Teneme Formation is correct, our results indicate that the Cretaceous volcanic rocks of eastern Cuba and the Dominican Republic are not segments of a single arc system, and that in Late Cretaceous (Albian-Campanian) Caribbean island arc development is not represented only by calc-alkaline (CA) volcanic rocks as has been suggested in previous works.
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