Stratigraphy of the upper carboniferous and lower permian sequence, southern Sydney Basin
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Abstract Abstract A study of the stratigraphic units within the southern Sydney Basin has led to the recognition of Upper Carboniferous and Lower Permian sediments. Terrestrial valley-fill sediments up to 228 m thick define a palaeodrainage system active during the Upper Carboniferous. These sediments belong to the proposed Talaterang Group and comprise the Yadboro Conglomerate, Tallong Conglomerate, Burrawang Conglomerate, Yagers Conglomerate, Pigeon House Creek Siltstone, and Badgerys Breccia. Palynological data indicate that at least the lower part of the Talaterang Group can be correlated with the Seaham Formation of the Hunter Valley. The Talaterang Group is overlain disconformably by the Clyde Coal Measures (up to 41 m thick) and the Yarrunga Coal Measures, which are in part laterally equivalent to, and overlain by, the Conjola Sug-Group (lower part of the Shoalhaven Group). The Clyde Coal Measures may be correlated with the interval extending from the Rutherford Formation to the Greta Coal Measures of the Hunter Valley. Marine terrigenous sediments of the Conjola Sub-Group (420 m thick) were deposited during a transgression which began in the Early Permian (Allandale equivalent to, and overlain by, the Conjola Sub-Group (lower part of the Shoalmation, Pebbley Beach Formation, and Snapper Point Formation, and are in turn overlain by the Ulladulla Mudstone and Wandrawandian Siltstone (together up to 120 m thick); they were derived from the west and south, and were deposited in a shallow marine shelf environment into which exotic megaclasts were ice-rafted.Keywords:
Conglomerate
Siltstone
Marine transgression
Diamictite
Coal measures
Breccia
<p>The Central African Copper Belt of southern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and northern Zambia is one of the world&#8217;s major sources of metals and currently accounts for world ~48% of cobalt reserves which will be critical for the shift to a low-carbon economy. The Cu-Co deposits are hosted in the Neoproterozoic Katangan Supergroup. The Fishtie Cu-Co deposit is located in the Lusale basin, to the southeast of the Zambian Copperbelt. At Fishtie, the Grand Conglomerate, which is interpreted as a Sturtian-age glacial diamictite, directly overlies basement schist and quartzite. Cu-Co sulphides are hosted in both the Grand Conglomerate and overlying Kakontwe Dolomite. The current study aims to refine the geological and genetic model of the deposit and is based on detailed logging of 41 cores totalling 8,040m including newly collared exploration drill holes.</p><p>The Grand Conglomerate (Mwale Formation) is comprised of several lithofacies but can be broadly classified into two lithofacies including diamictite and siltstone. The upper contact of the Grand Conglomerate is commonly gradational with increasing dolomite contents from bedded siltstone to bedded dolomitic siltstone into the lowermost bedded silty dolomite of the overlying Kakontwe Dolomite. Kakontwe Dolomite at Fishtie is subdivided into four lithofacies: bedded silty dolostone, massive dolostone, bedded dolomitic siltstone and laminated dolostone. Inidividual lithofacies display significant thickness variations that appear to be related to syn-sedimentary fault movement.</p><p>Hypogene chalcopyrite and bornite occur as disseminations in siltstones within both the Grand Conglomerate and Kakontwe Dolomite. Sulphides are most abundant in coarser-grained beds. The bedded dolomitic siltstone of Kakotwe Dolomite was also locally significantly mineralized. The bedded silty dolostone, massive dolostone and laminated dolostone facies of the Kakontwe Dolomite were poorly mineralized. Up to several percent hypogene cobalt mineralization is recognized in the eastern part of the deposit. Current data suggests that cobalt content was not controlled by either lithology. Hypogene Cu-Co sulphides are related to the location of syn-sedimentary faults. Work is ongoing regarding the deportment and paragenesis of cobalt in the deposit.</p>
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Abstract The Tertiary sequence in Coal Creek reported by Mason (1948) was recently re-examined and a thick greywacke conglomerate, not recorded by Mason, was found to form the apparent base of the sequence (Fig. 2a). The conglomerate is over 300 ft thick, consists predominantly of well rounded but poorly sorted, pale-green leached greywacke pebbles commonly ½ to 1 in. across, and contains several thin beds of fine sandstone and dark-grey carbonaceous siltstone up to 1 ft thick that yielded microfloras of late Cretaceous age (samples, S91/523, L2877; S91/524, L2878). Mr D. J. McIntyre, N.Z. Geological Survey (pers. comm.), places the age as probably Mata Series and definitely not older than Raukumara Series or younger than Mata Series.
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The stratigraphic succession of the rocks of the Nakatu district is as follows: (9) Alluvium (8) Kanto volcanic ash (7) Terrace deposite (6) Sioda pumiceous sandstone and mudstone (5) Otuka tuffaceous siltstone (4) Takadabasi sandstone and conglomerate (3) Kanzawa alternation of sandstone and siltstone (2) Kosawa sandstone and conglomerate (1) Kobotoke group Nakatu super-formation 1) Many fossil shells are allochthonous in the Kosawa and Kanzawa formations, but only a few are so in the other formations., 2) The Kosawa, Kanzawa and Takadabasi formations were deposited in the euneritic zones, but the Otuka and Sioda formations were formed in the mesoneritic or subneritic zones., 3) During the deposition of the Nakatu super-formation, the Kurosio current was more predominant than the Oyasio, except at several horizons., 4) At the beginning of the deposition of the Nakatu super-formation, the bottom-current were strong and at the end it became weak., The direction of the current is interpreted as S, SW, W, or WNW.,
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Abstract Abstract A study of the stratigraphic units within the southern Sydney Basin has led to the recognition of Upper Carboniferous and Lower Permian sediments. Terrestrial valley-fill sediments up to 228 m thick define a palaeodrainage system active during the Upper Carboniferous. These sediments belong to the proposed Talaterang Group and comprise the Yadboro Conglomerate, Tallong Conglomerate, Burrawang Conglomerate, Yagers Conglomerate, Pigeon House Creek Siltstone, and Badgerys Breccia. Palynological data indicate that at least the lower part of the Talaterang Group can be correlated with the Seaham Formation of the Hunter Valley. The Talaterang Group is overlain disconformably by the Clyde Coal Measures (up to 41 m thick) and the Yarrunga Coal Measures, which are in part laterally equivalent to, and overlain by, the Conjola Sug-Group (lower part of the Shoalhaven Group). The Clyde Coal Measures may be correlated with the interval extending from the Rutherford Formation to the Greta Coal Measures of the Hunter Valley. Marine terrigenous sediments of the Conjola Sub-Group (420 m thick) were deposited during a transgression which began in the Early Permian (Allandale equivalent to, and overlain by, the Conjola Sub-Group (lower part of the Shoalmation, Pebbley Beach Formation, and Snapper Point Formation, and are in turn overlain by the Ulladulla Mudstone and Wandrawandian Siltstone (together up to 120 m thick); they were derived from the west and south, and were deposited in a shallow marine shelf environment into which exotic megaclasts were ice-rafted.
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Siltstone
Marine transgression
Diamictite
Coal measures
Breccia
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Siltstone
Conglomerate
Sabkha
Lithostratigraphy
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Abstract The Parke Siltstone, Hermannsburg Sandstone and Brewer Conglomerate of the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous Pertnjara Group in the Amadeus Basin, central Australia, have been subdivided into eight new members. The Parke Siltstone at the base is an alternating sequence of siltstone and sandstone occurring in the central part of the basin. It has been subdivided into the following members in ascending stratigraphic order—Deering Siltstone Member, Harajica Sandstone Member, Dare Siltstone Member, and Amulda Member. The overlying Hermannsburg Sandstone is the most extensive formation of the Pertnjara Group and the following members have been recognised—the quartz-rich Ooraminna Sandstone and Owen Springs Sandstone Members, both of localised extent, and the Ljiltera Member which is more widespread and forms the upper pebbly part of the formation. The Undandita Member has been erected to distinguish the interbedded sandstone and conglomerate in the upper part of the Brewer Conglomerate from the massive conglomerate underlying it. The relationship between the three formations is conformable and transitional over most of the basin except around local structures mainly on the northern margin of the basin. The lateral relationship between the Pertnjara and Finke Groups is discussed in terms of interdigitating facies. A brief summary of the structural features of the Amadeus Basin is given and the effects of the Rodingan, Pertnjara, and Henbury Movements and the Alice Springs Orogeny on sedimentation of the Pertnjara Group are discussed in terms of syntectonic deposition.
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Devonian
Calcarenite
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Diamictite
Siltstone
Snowball Earth
Conglomerate
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