Flexible Wall Permeameter to Measure the Hydraulic Conductivity of Soils in Horizontal Direction
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Abstract:
Abstract The flexible wall permeability apparatus was modified for the direct measurement of the hydraulic conductivity of soils in the horizontal direction. Constant head permeability tests were carried out using the radial flow flexible wall permeameter on soil samples with central sand drain to allow the water to flow radially from the central sand drain towards a peripheral drain. Tests were also conducted using the conventional flexible wall permeameter on samples that were trimmed horizontally, so as to measure the hydraulic conductivity in the horizontal directions for comparison. The test results obtained from the proposed setup agrees well with those obtained from the samples that were trimmed horizontally, proving the validity of the results obtained from the proposed apparatus.Keywords:
Permeameter
Hydraulic head
Permeameter
Hydraulic head
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This study investigates the performance of bentonite components of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) when exposed to aggressive leachates using the fluid loss test and provides a possible quick method for estimating the effect of acidic conditions on hydraulic conductivity. Fluid loss generally increases with increasing acid concentrations. Hydraulic conductivity values back-calculated from the fluid loss tests (k FL ) are compared with the values measured using a flexible-wall permeameter (k Tri ). Generally, the predicted hydraulic conductivity values are conservative (k FL /k Tri > 1) under water and low acid concentrations (≤0.015 mol/L). However, the back-calculated hydraulic conductivity is shown to be nonconservative (k FL /k Tri < 1) at high acid concentrations (≥0.125 mol/L).
Permeameter
Geosynthetic clay liner
Bentonite
Geosynthetics
Hydraulic head
Slug test
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A modified apparatus that permits measurement of hydraulic conductivity of undisturbed soil cores in the laboratory is described. In this technique the two traditional errors, i.e., side flow and destruction of soil structure, are simultaneously controlled. The results obtained are significantly lower and more realistic than those of the traditional technique.
Permeameter
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This paper presents a series of field double-ring infiltration tests (DRTs) for investigating the hydraulic conductivity of a compacted silty clay fill that contains some desiccation cracks. These field tests were conducted at three different depths in the fill, to characterise the variations of conductivity with depth. The hydraulic conductivity of the fill was also measured in the laboratory on block samples using a three-directional permeability cell (sample size: 200 mm × 200 mm × 200 mm) and a one-dimensional permeameter (sample size: 70 mm in diameter and 45 mm high). A perched water table was detected in the fill using tensiometers shortly after the start of each DRT, showing the presence of preferential flow paths in the fill. The hydraulic conductivity decreases with increasing depth. The larger hydraulic conductivity of the surface soil indicates the possible presence of macropores and cracks at shallow depths of the fill. The coefficients of variation of the hydraulic conductivity measured from the DRTs (influence volume: 300 mm in diameter and 450 mm high) and the three-directional permeability cell tests are smaller than those measured from the small-size, one-dimensional permeameter tests. The variability of the measured hydraulic conductivity increases as the sample size decreases.
Permeameter
Infiltrometer
Macropore
Infiltration (HVAC)
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