A lost world? Archaic crinoid-dominated assemblages on an Antarctic seamount
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Benthic infaunal abundance data from 138 stations in the Barents Sea and surrounding waters are provided in a public database. All samples were collected with a 0.1 m2 van Veen grab and identification was carried out by professional taxonomists. Most abundance data are presented at the species level.
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Crinoids (Phylum Echinodermata) represent major components of fossil assemblages in the type Cincinnatian (Upper Ordovician: Katian) of the greater Cincinnati Arch region. However, certain shallow marine lithofacies are characterized by a nonexistent to depauperate crinoid fauna, being instead dominated by trilobites, bryozoans, mollusks, and in some layers solenoporid algae? and stromatoporoids. One such setting is represented by the Grant Lake Formation, equivalent to the upper Corryville and Mount Auburn members of the McMillan Formation of Ohio, as exposed south of Flemingsburg, Fleming County, northern Kentucky. Described herein is an articulated crinoid crown (Anomalocrinus?) from this otherwise crinoid-poor interval. This occurrence may reflect either (1) a brief interval where conditions were more amenable to occupation by crinoids, possibly corresponding to a minor flooding surface, or (2) transportation of skeletal remains from nearby, deeper offshore areas that contained crinoids in greater abundance. The second interpretation seems more likely given the absence of in situ attachment structures and rarity of disarticulated column material at the study site. This study illustrates the value of echinoderm remains in paleoenvironmental analysis, the significance of crinoidal material in taphonomic interpretation of Paleozoic argillaceous carbonate deposits, and the sensitivity of crinoid fossils as indicators of allochthony or autochthony.
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Abstract A diverse Permian crinoid fauna is reported from the Taiyuan Formation, Dajian Member (Asselian) at Anyang, northeastern Henan Province of the North China Craton. The specimens are well preserved, including articulated crowns and cups. The fauna contains representatives of each of the major Paleozoic crinoid clades: Cladida (including the Flexibilia), Disparida, and Camerata. Identified genera suggest a greater affinity with North American faunas than with Tethyan faunas. Four new species, Neoprotencrinus anyangensis , Ulocrinus qiaoi , Artichthyocrinus limani , and Synbathocrinus chenae , are proposed herein. UUID: http://zoobank.org/D08DDDCD-485C-45CC-A014-C1CB58C26588
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A small crinoid fauna of Guadalupian age is described from the Djebel Tebaga area of southern Tunisia. The crinoids are associated with sponge-rich bioherms and are judged to have lived in shallow but gently agitated waters. Unusual adaptations include an unusual stem type, ascribed to Tetrabrachiocrinus, in which the normal columnals are surrounded by an outer layer of small plates here called plinths. The fauna includes two camerate crinoids, ?Paragaricocrinus yakovlevi n. sp., and an unusual new genus related to dichocrinids, Tunisiacrinus imitator n. sp., that is a homeomorph of the inadunate Tetrabrachiocrinus, and is assigned here to a new family. Two new mespilocrinid flexible crinoids are present, Trinalicrinus tunisiensis n. gen., n. sp., which has affinities with Timor Permian crinoids, and Strobocrinus brachiatus n. gen., n. sp., that is evolutionarily advanced in lacking an anal plate in the posterior interray. The fauna shows relationship to Permian crinoids described from Sicily and Timor, but may be younger than these other Permian faunas.
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