3-D VISUALIZATION: VOLCANIC HAZARD MAPS EDUCATE PEOPLE EXPOSED TO VOLCANIC RISK
0
Citation
4
Reference
20
Related Paper
Abstract:
Since the most reliable volcanic hazard map will be of little use unless it is presented in a meaningful format, the Volcanic Hazard Map of Nevado del Huila Volcano (Colombia) was combined with remote sensing data and visualized in 3-D. This visualization methodology could be used with any volcanic hazard map available, in order to generate products that could help improving the communication between volcanologists and people not familiar with volcanoes. The right understanding of any volcanic hazardous situation will avoid or minimize damaging consequences to people exposed to such natural risk.Volcanoes with their eruptions and other related hazards had loKeywords:
Volcanic hazards
Natural hazard
Hazard map
Cite
One of the 22 active volcanoes in the Philippines is Mt. Bulusan. The volcano erupted more than 15 times recent history, but the majority of these eruptions were mild phreatic eruptions. Field evidence shows however that Bulusan is capable of producing lava flows, domes, pyroclastic currents and lahars. Bulusan therefore poses a potentially major risk to the dense population at the footslopes of the volcano. Hence the volcano is constantly monitored with seismic equipment. To mitigate the potential hazards posed by this volcano, a volcanic hazard mapping program has been undertaken. Because of lacking existing geological and geographical data, it was decided to use optical and radar remote sensing techniques to acquire additional data. A GIS database was created at a medium scale, which was used as a reference for the development of preliminary hazard maps for each of the volcanic hazards that have been identified. An elementary approach, making use of the 'Energy cone' concept, was followed to outline the areas subject to potential pyroclastic flows and surges. Lava- and lahar flow path predictions were made based on the Digital Terrain Model (DTM).
Lahar
Volcanic hazards
Volcanology
Cite
Citations (1)
Volcanic hazards assessment tools are essential for risk mitigation of volcanic activities. A number of offline volcanic hazard assessment tools have been provided, but in most cases, they require relatively complex installation procedure and usage. This situation causes limited usage of volcanic hazard assessment tools among volcanologists and volcanic hazards communities. In addition, volcanic eruption chronology and detailed database of each volcano in the world are essential key information for volcanic hazard assessment, but most of them are isolated and not connected to and with each other. The Volcanic Hazard Assessment Support System aims to implement a user-friendly, WebGIS-based, open-access online system for potential hazards assessment and risk-mitigation of Quaternary volcanoes in the world. The users can get up-to-date information such as eruption chronology and geophysical monitoring data of a specific volcano using the direct link system to major volcano databases on the system. Currently, the system provides 3 simple, powerful and notable deterministic modelling simulation codes of volcanic processes, such as Energy Cone, Titan2D and Tephra2. The system provides deterministic tools because probabilistic assessment tools are normally much more computationally demanding. By using the volcano hazard assessment system, the area that would be affected by volcanic eruptions in any location near the volcano can be estimated using numerical simulations. The system is being implemented using the ASTER Global DEM covering 2790 Quaternary volcanoes in the world. The system can be used to evaluate volcanic hazards and move this toward risk-potential by overlaying the estimated distribution of volcanic gravity flows or tephra falls on major roads, houses and evacuation areas using the GIS-enabled systems. The system is developed for all users in the world who need volcanic hazards assessment tools.
Volcanic hazards
Natural hazard
Cite
Citations (21)
Volcanic ash
Tracking (education)
Cite
Citations (1)
Volcanic hazards
Geological survey
Geologic map
Hazard map
Geologic hazards
Cite
Citations (0)
In the case of the volcanic eruption of Mount Usu in 2000, there were no victims because the evacuation activities were carried out smoothly, as people made great use of the hazard map of Usu Volcano as a source of information. Also, the Mount Fuji Hazard Map Committee started work in 2001, scheduled to publicize the results in the near future. Although volcanic hazard maps have only recently captured the attention to people in Japan, they have been used in various overseas countries for many years. This paper summarizes the definition of volcanic hazard maps and the method of making volcanic hazard maps, classifies and analyzes the collected foreign cases, and introduces representative examples.
Hazard map
Mount
Volcanic hazards
Geologic hazards
Vulcanian eruption
Cite
Citations (2)
Lahar
Volcanic hazards
Natural hazard
Volcanology
Cite
Citations (89)
Abstract The November 13, 1985 Nevado del Ruiz volcanic eruption that killed approximately 25.000 people was the fourth largest volcanic disaster in human history. Different versions of the volcanic hazard map of this volcano were prepared before and after the disaster, being the first map of its kind made in Colombia. Preparation of the hazard maps was not timely, and there was poor dissemination of its content. The Volcanic Hazard Map of Nevado del Ruiz Volcano was recently incorporated into a GIS, in order to make it accessible to both casual and expert users. It was simplified showing only the zones likely to be affected by given volcanic processes. For the volcano's area of influence, perspective views were generated by combining topographic data with the hazard map polygons superimposed on a Landsat TM 5 mosaic. Database visualization in 3‐D enabled complex volcanic hazard data, to be more readily understood by decision makers and the general public.
Volcanic hazards
Hazard map
Casual
Lahar
Volcanology
Cite
Citations (1)
Traditionally volcanic-hazard assessments have been applied to stratovolcanoes, where volcanic hazard maps represent important tools for volcanic crisis management and land-use planning. In recent years, several improvements have been made for monogenetic volcanic fields focused on, among other things, the development of spatial models to deal with one of the main problems in these areas, namely the unknown vent location. However, volcanic hazard maps of monogenetic volcanic fields present some significant differences with respect to those developed for stratovolcanoes, including the fact that they commonly represent multiple eruptive processes spread over the possible vent opening area. Likewise, the scientific communication of the volcanic-hazard assessment and how this information is comprehended are critical issues in the development of mitigation strategies for monogenetic volcanic fields. In this research, we focused on developing volcanic hazard maps using simple numerical hazard models in combination with a random approach for vent location to cover the whole vent opening area. We added some spatial methods to better manage potentially affected areas. The maps were designed for use in a digital environment (Geographic Information System) by Civil Protection professionals in high-risk monogenetic volcanic fields on small oceanic islands. The methodology presented does not use susceptibility base maps for hazard assessment to avoid possible underestimation of low probability areas by Civil Protection. The methodology represents an attempt to respond to the most important questions of where, when and how a new eruption might take place in a monogenetic volcanic field. The example presented here was developed for La Palma (Canary Islands).
Stratovolcano
Volcanic hazards
Hazard map
Vulcanian eruption
Cite
Citations (17)
Vulcanian eruption
Phreatic eruption
Peléan eruption
Cite
Citations (2)
Hazard map
Volcanic hazards
Cite
Citations (4)