Furongian Linguliform Brachiopods from the Alborz Mountains, Iran
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Abstract:
Micromorphic linguliform brachiopods are described for the first time from the Furongian part of the Cambrian Mila Formation, eastern Alborz Mountains, Iran. The assemblage is dominated by acrotretides, including Dactylotreta lamellosa n. sp. and Ottenbyella hyrcanica n. sp. as well as species of the new genera Tapuritreta (T. angusta n. sp.) and Sadrocarta (S. delicatus). The siphonotretide Siphonobolus sp. also occurs in abundance, which is unusual for Furongian lingulate faunas. The newly discovered assemblage shows little similarity to contemporaneous faunas of Laurentia, Baltica and Kazakhstanian terranes, but S. delicatus is also known from the middle Furongian Series of the Malyi Karatau Range in southern Kazakhstan.Keywords:
Baltica
Assemblage (archaeology)
Laurentia
Similarity (geometry)
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A trilobite assemblage of late Darriwilian age is described from the northern Betpak-Dala Desert, central Kazakhstan. The fauna consists of a number of new taxa including the illaenid Alperillaenus intermedius gen. et sp. nov., the asaphids Damiraspis margiana gen. et sp. nov., and Farasaphus singularis gen. et sp. nov., along with representatives of the genera Ceraurinella?, Pliomerina, Eorobergia and Sphaerexochus. The composition of the assemblage approaches the globally recognised asaphid-illaenid biofacies characteristic of the Benthic Assemblage Zone 2. This fauna is distinct from contemporaneous trilobite associations of South China, but shows some similarity to Late Ordovician (Eastonian) trilobite faunas from New South Wales, Australia.
Trilobite
Assemblage (archaeology)
Biozone
Baltica
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Devonian
Late Devonian extinction
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The brachiopod fauna of the upper Cambrian (upper Furongian) Guole Formation, northwestern Jingxi County, southwestern Guangxi Province, southern China, comprises six genera and seven species, including one new genus, three new species and two indeterminate species (Obolidae gen. et sp. indet, Acrotretidae gen. et sp. indet., Billingsella guangxiensis, B. costata sp. nov., Guoleella lata gen. et sp. nov., Palaeostrophia jingxiensis, Plectotrophia imparicostata sp. nov.). This is the first systematic description of an upper Cambrian brachiopod fauna composed mainly of calcareous-shelled individuals from China. Brachiopod and trilobite faunal analyses suggest that this fauna has a prominent North American (Laurentian) affinity. It is notably different from the coeval, lingulate-dominated brachiopod fauna of South China, particularly of the Yangtze Platform, but shares some similarity with those of the North China Platform. Preliminary analysis reveals that this brachiopod fauna, named the Billingsella-Palaeostrophia Fauna, lived in a nearshore, shallow water benthic regime with a calcareous muddy substrate.
Trilobite
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Ghavidel-Syooki, M., Evans, D.H., Ghobadi Pour, M., Popov, L.E., Álvaro, J.J., Rakhmonov, U., Klishevich, I.A. & Ehsani, M.D., 15.5.2015. Late Ordovician cephalopods, tentaculitides, machaeridians and echinoderm columnals from Kuh-e Faraghun, High Zagros, Iran. Alcheringa 39, 530–549. ISSN 0311-5518.Late Ordovician (Katian, uppermost Acanthochitina barbata to Armoricochitina nigerica chitinozoan zones) cephalopods, tentaculitides, machaeridians and echinoderms are documented for the first time from the southern Zagros Ranges. A low-diversity cephalopod fauna includes Geisonocerina dargazense sp. nov., Isorthoceras sp. cf. I. bisignatum (Barrande) and other undetermined orthoceratides. The presence of Late Ordovician tentaculitides in the high- to mid-latitude margins of Gondwana has been documented previously, but no examples have been described in detail. Thus, Costatulites kimi sp. nov., which currently occurs associated with brachiopods characteristic of the Svobodaina havliceki (brachiopod) Association, represents the earliest undoubted record of tentaculitides in Gondwana. Machaeridians constitute a relatively common component of the Late Ordovician benthic faunas from the Mediterranean margin of Gondwana, but no previous records on the Gondwanan Iranian-Arabian segment have been reported. Three echinoderm taxa based on dissociated columnals are documented from the Armoricochitina nigerica chitinozoan Zone, including Sumsaricystis radiatus Stukalina, Ristnacrinus sp. and Rosulicrinus rosulus Stukalina.Mohammad Ghavidel-Syooki [m_ghavidelsyooki@yahoo.com] Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Technical Faculty of Tehran University, PO Box 11365-4563, Tehran, Iran; David H. Evans [david.evans@naturalengland.org.uk], Natural England, Suite D, Unex House, Bourges Boulevard, Peterborough PE1 1NG, UK; Mansoureh Ghobadi Pour* [mghobadipour@yahoo.co.uk], Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran; Leonid E. Popov [leonid.popov@museumwales.ac.uk], Department of Geology, National Museum of Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 3NP, UK; J. Javier Álvaro [jj.alvaro@csic.es], Instituto de Geociencias (CSIC-UCM), c/ José Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Utkyr Rakhmonov, Kitab State Geological Reserve, 9 Ipak Yuli Street, Sakhrisabz, Uzbekistan; Inna A. Klishevich, Department of Historical Geology, Geological Faculty, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya 7/9, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia [inna@IK4848.spb.edu]; Mohammad H. Ehsani [mh_ehsani@hotmail.com], Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Technical Faculty of Tehran University, PO Box 11365-4563, Tehran, Iran. *Also affiliated with Department of Geology, National Museum of Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 3NP, UK.
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The Alum Shale Formation exposed at the Degerhamn quarry road section, southern Öland, Sweden, contains a diversified assemblage of euconodonts, paraconodonts and protoconodonts, the majority of which have ranges confined to the Furongian Series (Cambrian). The first occurrence (FO) of the cosmopolitan euconodont species Proconodontus muelleri is recorded in the uppermost part of the Ctenopyge spectabilis trilobite Zone and the first appearance datum of Cordylodus? andresi is in the upper part of the Parabolina lobata trilobite Zone. Three new successive paraconodont associations are introduced: (1) the Furnishina Association, (2) the Prooneotodus Association and (3) the Westergaardodina Association, which, respectively, correspond to deeper marine, deep marine and shallow marine conditions. The genus Stenodontus Chen & Gong is revised in multielement taxonomy. New species formally named are Furnishina holmi and Westergaardodina asinina; Furnishina sp. A and Furnishina sp. B are described in open nomenclature.
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Lobata
Baltica
Section (typography)
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We describe Early and Middle Ordovician brachiopod faunas from northeastern Spitsbergen and discuss their biostratigraphical and palaeoecological implications. We recognise 60 species and 41 genera representing both linguliform and rhynchonelliform brachiopods. These include one new genus, the obolid Lenticulella with the type species Lenticulella amphora (Krause & Rowell, 1975), and 23 new species: Ectenoglossa? oviforma, Elliptoglossa vulgaris, Rosobolus? elongatus, Broeggeria obscura, Mirilingula? svalbardensis, Schizotreta marginalis, Conotreta convexa, Cyrtonotreta profilbekkiensis, Cyrtonotreta spinosa, Eurytreta subtriangularis, Hisingerella maniformis, Semitreta basisslettaensis, Semitreta pustulosa, Semitreta spitsbergensis, Numericoma? proclina, Eoconulus subquadratus, Dictyonites mugilis, Pelonomia sulcata, Leptella (Leptella) inequicostellata, Protoskenidioides promontorium, Anomalorthis rossi, Nothorthis subpyramidalis and Phragmorthis noda. The Ordovician succession contains both intertidal and deep-sea deposits with brachiopod faunas from nearly the whole range of environments. The Tremadocian is represented by a succession of low-diversity, rhynchonelli-6 · Zootaxa 3076 © 2011 Magnolia Pressform-dominated assemblages occupying shallow-marine environments. With the abrupt and large-scale drowning during the Floian, these faunas were replaced by a sparse slope fauna of micromorphic linguliforms. The outer shelf environments established in the latest Floian were occupied by a highly diverse brachiopod fauna dominated by micromorphic linguliform taxa. As the environment shifted toward the mid-shelf during the Darriwilian, however, the composition of the fauna changed to an Orthidiella-dominated assemblage of mostly rhynchonelliform taxa. The very late occurrence of the Orthidiella assemblage suggests that the Dapingian Orthidiella Zone found in America is probably diachronic. Although it includes many endemic species, the Middle Ordovician fauna shows a strong resemblance to the brachiopod fauna of Nevada. This study is based on approximately 16 500 brachiopod specimens obtained from both crack-out samples and acetic-acid-treated bulk samples.
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Ten species of strophomenid and triplesiid brachiopods are described from the Late Ordovician (late Caradoc to early Ashgill) Dulankara Regional Stage of Central Kazakhstan. They represent part of a diverse brachiopod assemblage, which was discovered in the top of a carbonate mound in the northern Betpak-Dala Desert. This brachiopod assemblage includes mostly genera not recorded previously from contemporaneous deposits in Kazakhstan, although they may be related to the long-lived lineages which appeared in the area during Llanvirn or Llandeilo. New taxa are: the plectambonitoids Bandaleta plana gen. et sp. nov., Shlyginia perplexa sp. nov., Sortanella quinquecostata gen. et sp. nov., Anoptambonites subcarinatus sp. nov., Anisopleurella ampla sp. nov., Craspedelia roomusoksi sp. nov., and triplesioid Triplesia sortanensis sp. nov.
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A mid Telychian (Llandovery, Silurian) graptolite fauna is described from the Manbo Formation at Keman, Mojiang County, central Yunnan Province, SW China, a region widely regarded as belonging to the Indochina Block in the early Palaeozoic. The fauna includes abundant Oktavites kemanensis sp. nov., O. aff. spiralis (Geinitz), Retiolites geinitzianus (Barrande) and R. australis McCoy, together with less abundant Monoclimacis crenulata (Elles and Wood), M. directa? Zalasiewicz et al., Monograptus priodon (Bronn), M. sp., Stimulograptus clintonensis (Hall), Diversograptus? pergracilis (Boucek), Pristiograptus sp., Oktavites sp. and Stomatograptus? sp. Of these, thirteen species belonging to seven genera are described in the present paper. Comparison with similar faunas from other regions suggests that the fauna is indicative of the Monoclimacis crenulata Zone of the middle Telychian. This is the first account of Telychian graptolites from Indochina, and may serve as a reference for the palaeontology and stratigraphy of coeval intervals within and outside the block.
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