Design, development, and implementation of recirculating aquaria for maintenance and experimentation of deep‐sea corals and associated fauna
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Here, the development and construction of recirculating aquaria for the long‐term maintenance and study of deep‐water corals in the laboratory is described. This system may be applied to the maintenance and experimentation on marine organisms in the absence of a natural seawater supply. Since 2009, numerous colonies of Lophelia pertusa as well as several species of associated invertebrates from the Gulf of Mexico have been maintained in the described systems. The behavior of some of these species, including L. pertusa , the corallivorous snail Coralliophila sp., the polychaete Eunice sp., and the galetheoid crab Eumunida picta in the laboratory is described. Additionally, these systems were used for the manipulation of pH and dissolved oxygen for short‐term experiments using L. pertusa . The detailed manipulation of carbonate chemistry in artificial seawater is described for use in ocean acidification experiments.Keywords:
Marine invertebrates
Ocean Acidification
Benthos
Ocean Acidification
Marine invertebrates
Gamete
Microcosm
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Ocean Acidification
Marine invertebrates
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Marine invertebrates
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Ocean Acidification
Marine invertebrates
Marine ecosystem
Ocean chemistry
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Ocean Acidification
Marine invertebrates
Marine ecosystem
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Meizhou Bay,to the east of the Taiwan Strait,is situated in the middle of the Fujian Province Coast.To assess the environmental impact of construction projects in Meizhou Bay,16 sections in the intertidal zone and 50 sampling stations in the shallow sea of Meizhou Bay were taken to survey the benthos from May 2007 to May 2010,according to The Specification for Marine Monitoring(GB 17378.7-2007).Species diversity and ecological characteristics of polychaetes were studied from polychaete samples.The analysis showed that 177 species of polychaetes,belonging to 112 genera in 41 families,were identified in total,and the polychaete fauna of Meizhou Bay was found to have similar tropical and subtropical characteristics with that of the Taiwan Strait.In intertidal zone of Meizhou Bay,the number of species of polychaetes contributed to 31.65%~48.11% of the benthos at each section.The proportion of polychaete biomass to the total benthos biomass was 2.22%~40.86%.The proportion of inhabiting density of polychaete to the total benthos was 19.27%~76.81%.Meanwhile,in the shallow sea of Meizhou Bay,the proportions of polychaetes in the number of species,biomass,and inhabiting density of the benthos were 42.11%~73.47%,0.96%~92.99%,44.95%~87.72%,respectively.In this study,the role of polychaetes in the composition of species and abundance of benthos in the sampling area was analyzed.The ecological characteristics of polychaete-like diversity index were analyzed,providing ecological data on polychaetes for the ecological monitoring and environmental protection of Meizhou Bay.
Benthos
Spionidae
Diversity index
Macrobenthos
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Abstract Anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is being absorbed by seawater resulting in increasingly acidic oceans, a process known as ocean acidification (OA). OA is thought to have largely deleterious effects on marine invertebrates, primarily impacting early life stages and consequently, their recruitment and species’ survival. Most research in this field has been limited to short-term, single-species and single-life stage studies, making it difficult to determine which taxa will be evolutionarily successful under OA conditions. We circumvent these limitations by relating the dominance and distribution of the known polychaete worm species living in a naturally acidic seawater vent system to their life history strategies. These data are coupled with breeding experiments, showing all dominant species in this natural system exhibit parental care. Our results provide evidence supporting the idea that long-term survival of marine species in acidic conditions is related to life history strategies where eggs are kept in protected maternal environments (brooders) or where larvae have no free swimming phases (direct developers). Our findings are the first to formally validate the hypothesis that species with life history strategies linked to parental care are more protected in an acidifying ocean compared to their relatives employing broadcast spawning and pelagic larval development.
Ocean Acidification
Marine invertebrates
Marine life
Life History Theory
Dominance (genetics)
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The ecological studies of the benthic polychaetes were carried out in the follow Sea for the period of August 1982 through February 1986. Special emphasis were placed on quantitative species composition and the importance of polychaetes in the benthic community. Polychaete group ranked numerically high, composing of the total benthos. In the biomass, echinoderms or mollusks showed as a dominant group, but the range of its seasonal variation was very large. Due to the use of sampling gear, the relative importance of polychaetes was somewhat different. The case of a dredge showed a little lower composition rate of polychaetes than a grab one. This result was caused by high density of benthic animals because the dredge would tow only much more surface sediments than the grab sampler. The present studies included a total of 141 species and the representative polychaetes in this area were Spiophanes bormbyx, Ampharete arctica, Geniada maulata, Nephtys caeca, Nothria iridescens.
Benthos
Detritivore
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Seven stations were sampled within the Mormugao harbour area for benthos and environmental variables from September 2003 to July 2004. A total of 71 polychaete taxa were identified from the area. Polychaete abundance, biomass and species number was highest during post monsoon, mainly due to new recruitment. Pre monsoon is the most stable period for community development when, the fauna was dominated by opportunistic deposit feeding polychaete species. Average abundance ranged from 652-4096 ind m
Benthos
Spionidae
Detritivore
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