Lina M. Castaño

Colombian Geological Survey

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Elena Druguet

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Jordi Carreras

Universitat de Barcelona

John Makario Londoño

Colombian Geological Survey

Carlos Andrés Laverde

Colombian Geological Survey

Dyanna M. Czeck

University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee

Takayuki Kaneko

The University of Tokyo

Beatriz Galvis

Colombian Geological Survey

A. Rahimi

Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique

Oscar Ernesto Cadena

Colombian Geological Survey

Gérard Gleizes

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Cooperative Institutions

Colombian Geological Survey

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Terra

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

University of Palermo

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

University of Turin

Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier

Université de Toulouse

Kyoto University

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The tectonic significance of dikes of irregular fold-like shape

Geology (2012)

Elena Druguet Lina M. Castaño Dyanna M. Czeck Peter J. Hudleston Jordi Carreras

Research Article| July 01, 2012 The tectonic significance of dikes of irregular fold-like shape Elena Druguet; Elena Druguet * 1Departament de Geologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain *E-mails: elena.druguet@uab.cat; linamarcela.castano@uab.cat; dyanna@uwm.edu; hudle001@umn.edu; jordi.carreras@uab.cat. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Lina M. Castaño; Lina M. Castaño * 1Departament de Geologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain *E-mails: elena.druguet@uab.cat; linamarcela.castano@uab.cat; dyanna@uwm.edu; hudle001@umn.edu; jordi.carreras@uab.cat. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Dyanna M. Czeck; Dyanna M. Czeck * 2Department of Geosciences, University of Wisconsin, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA *E-mails: elena.druguet@uab.cat; linamarcela.castano@uab.cat; dyanna@uwm.edu; hudle001@umn.edu; jordi.carreras@uab.cat. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Peter J. Hudleston; Peter J. Hudleston * 3Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA *E-mails: elena.druguet@uab.cat; linamarcela.castano@uab.cat; dyanna@uwm.edu; hudle001@umn.edu; jordi.carreras@uab.cat. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Jordi Carreras Jordi Carreras * 1Departament de Geologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain *E-mails: elena.druguet@uab.cat; linamarcela.castano@uab.cat; dyanna@uwm.edu; hudle001@umn.edu; jordi.carreras@uab.cat. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Elena Druguet * 1Departament de Geologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain Lina M. Castaño * 1Departament de Geologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain Dyanna M. Czeck * 2Department of Geosciences, University of Wisconsin, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA Peter J. Hudleston * 3Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA Jordi Carreras * 1Departament de Geologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain *E-mails: elena.druguet@uab.cat; linamarcela.castano@uab.cat; dyanna@uwm.edu; hudle001@umn.edu; jordi.carreras@uab.cat. Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 25 Oct 2011 Revision Received: 20 Jan 2012 Accepted: 26 Jan 2012 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 © 2012 Geological Society of America Geology (2012) 40 (7): 579–582. https://doi.org/10.1130/G32960.1 Article history Received: 25 Oct 2011 Revision Received: 20 Jan 2012 Accepted: 26 Jan 2012 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Elena Druguet, Lina M. Castaño, Dyanna M. Czeck, Peter J. Hudleston, Jordi Carreras; The tectonic significance of dikes of irregular fold-like shape. Geology 2012;; 40 (7): 579–582. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G32960.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract The effects of postemplacement deformation on originally nonplanar dikes were tested experimentally and compared to field data from the Rainy Lake zone (Ontario, Canada) where irregular fold-like structures are observed. The analyses reveal that two processes are responsible for the irregular dike geometries. First, dikes intrude with varying orientations as they propagate across layers with rheology contrasts, thus developing nonplanar profiles. Second, with postemplacement ductile deformation, dikes that are more competent than the host rocks are folded and refracted in variable amounts, with the amount depending on the initial dike geometry, the heterogeneities in the host, and the regional strain. Deformed dikes and veins are often used as kinematic markers to evaluate regional tectonics, using methods that generally assume that veins had planar walls prior to deformation. The experimental results indicate that caution should be taken when using this approach, and they provide criteria to distinguish between intrusive and deformation structures in intensely deformed areas where distinction between the two is not readily apparent. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

10.1130/g32960.1

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Excess degassing drives long-term volcanic unrest at Nevado del Ruiz

Scientific Reports (2024)

João Lages Zoraida Chacón Julian Ramirez Alessandro Aiuppa Santiago Arellano

Abstract This study combines volcanic gas compositions, SO 2 flux and satellite thermal data collected at Nevado del Ruiz between 2018 and 2021. We find the Nevado del Ruiz plume to have exhibited relatively steady, high CO 2 compositions (avg. CO 2 /S T ratios of 5.4 ± 1.9) throughout. Our degassing models support that the CO 2 /S T ratio variability derives from volatile exsolution from andesitic magma stored in the 1–4 km depth range. Separate ascent of CO 2 -rich gas bubbles through shallow (< 1 km depth), viscous, conduit resident magma causes the observed excess degassing. We infer that degassing of ~ 974 mm 3 of shallow (1–4 km) stored magma has sourced the elevated SO 2 degassing recorded during 2018–2021 (average flux ~ 1548 t/d). Of this, only < 1 mm 3 of magma have been erupted through dome extrusion, highlighting a large imbalance between erupted and degassed magma. Escalating deep CO 2 gas flushing, combined with the disruption of passive degassing, through sudden accumulation and pressurization of bubbles due to lithostatic pressure, may accelerate volcanic unrest and eventually lead to a major eruption.

Volcanic Gases

Unrest

Magma chamber

10.1038/s41598-024-51380-5

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Emplacement and deformation features of syntectonic leucocratic veins from Rainy Lake zone (Western Superior Province, Canada)

Precambrian Research (2008)

Elena Druguet Dyanna M. Czeck Jordi Carreras Lina M. Castaño

Orogeny

Transpression

Strain partitioning

10.1016/j.precamres.2008.02.001

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Citations (24)

Emplazamiento y deformación de diques con morfología zig-zag en rocas bandeadas y foliadas

Geogaceta (2008)

Lina M. Castaño Elena Druguet

A rather common feature of dykes intruded in banded and/or foliated rocks is their non-planar shape. This study describes the characteristics of zig-zagging magmatic dykes that occur in the Rainy Lake area of the Canadian Archean shield. The dykes are formed by planar or curved segments of different orientations, their dilation being normal to the dyke envelope. The zig-zag pattern can be due to lithological heterogeneity and/or mechanical anisotropy of the host rock. When affected by ductile post-emplacement deformation, the zig-zagging dykes may develop into folds. Caution should be taken when using these structures as strain markers, specially in intensely deformed domains where distinction between intrusive zig-zags and folds is not straightforward.

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Discriminating Variscan and Alpine deformation in the Eastern Pyrenees. Insight from an AMS study in the Sant Llorenç-La Jonquera pluton

Geogaceta (2008)

Elena Druguet Gérard Gleizes Phillippe Olivier Montserrat Liesa Lina M. Castaño

Las fabricas anisotropas magmaticas en el pluton de Sant Llorenc-La Jonquera, determinadas mediante la tecnica de la anisotropia de la susceptibilidad magnetica (ASM), presentan una direccion predominante NE-SW y responden al emplazamiento sintectonico de una secuencia de granitoides durante la fase varisca transpresiva F2. La foliacion magmatica se encuentra localmente perturbada por el efecto de dos eventos tectonicos de naturaleza y edades distintas. Un primer tipo de perturbacion es la derivada de la presencia de zonas de cizalla tardi-variscas (F3) de direccion NW-SE, como es el caso de la banda milonitica de El Pertus. El otro tipo de perturbacion consiste en un basculamiento de eje WNW-ESE, localizado en el borde meridional del batolito y atribuible al plegamiento alpino. El presente estudio contribuye a esclarecer cuales son los efectos de la orogenia alpina en el zocalo varisco de los Pirineos.

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Analysis of syntectonic magmatic veins at the mesoscale

Journal of the Geological Society of India (2010)

Elena Druguet Lina M. Castaño

10.1007/s12594-010-0024-x

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Continuous monitoring of the 2015–2018 Nevado del Ruiz activity, Colombia, using satellite infrared images and local infrasound records

Earth Planets and Space (2020)

Lina M. Castaño Carlos Alberto Ospina Oscar Ernesto Cadena Beatriz Galvis John Makario Londoño

Abstract Nevado del Ruiz Volcano (NRV) had a phreatomagmatic eruption in 1985. The eruption partially melted the volcano’s ice cap leading to floods and lahars flowing down to nearby towns, which killed at least 25,000 people. This event has raised particular importance of monitoring activity including small eruptions at ice-capped high-altitude volcanoes. However, the high altitude makes it difficult to maintain monitoring stations near the summit crater. Moreover, the visibility of the summit area is frequently prevented by clouds. In this paper, we report the results of a feasibility study for detecting thermal anomalies and small eruptions using satellite thermal remote sensing and ground-based infrasound technique. We newly included South and Central America to the observation areas of the near-real-time monitoring system of the active volcanoes, which uses infrared images from satellites. We also operated three infrasound stations in the distances of 4–6 km from the active crater. Each of the stations consisted of a pair of infrasound sensors, and a cross-correlation technique was applied. The thermal and infrasound data acquisition started in August 2015 and December 2016, respectively, and recorded the recent dome-forming activity of NRV. We proposed parameters representing the visibility of the thermal anomalies and infrasound signals. These parameters are useful for monitoring because the severe weather condition at NRV frequently prevents signal detections. We discussed the detected thermal anomalies and infrasound signals in comparison with their visibilities and the changes in the volcanic activity of NRV reported by the local observatory. The thermal anomaly and infrasound detections were consistent with the high eruptive activity occurring at the NRV from October 2015 to May 2017 and its subsequent decline. Within the active period, there were breaks in the detections of thermal anomaly and infrasound. The visibility analyses allowed us to interpret the breaks as a result of bad weather conditions and to distinguish them from the confirmed low-activity periods after May 2017.

Lahar

10.1186/s40623-020-01197-z

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The Aiguablava dyke swarm from a structural point of view

Geotemas ( Madrid ) (2012)

Ana I. Martínez Poza Elena Druguet Lina M. Castaño Jordi Carreras Planells

espanolSe presenta el primer analisis estructural sistematico del enjambre de diques lamprofiricos de Aiguablava (Cadenas Costero-Catalanas). El estudio sostiene que los diques se emplazaron a lo largo de varias familias de una red de fracturas previas en las rocas leucograniticas encajantes. Se ha utilizado el metodo de “scanlines circulares para el analisis estructural. La red de diaclasas presenta multiples familias y los diques tambien presentan orientaciones variables, con una orientacion promedio de N115oE. La segmentacion es un aspecto notable en los diques. Los diques discontinuos consisten en segmentos largos con o sin solapamiento. Los diques continuos pueden formarse por union entre extremos de diques o bien mediante escalones entre segmentos largos. Otras estructuras presentes son “zigzags”, diques con escalones enfrentados y estructuras de ramificacion. La direccion de apertura media relacionada con el emplazamiento de los diques es N20oE. Este estudio confirma el control ejercido por un sistema de diaclasas preexistente en el emplazamiento del enjambre de diques. Aunque la mayoria de familias de diaclasas fueron utilizadas por el magma, la familia ~N115oE parece ser la mas favorable. La direccion de apertura, interpretada como el eje σ3 regional, se mantuvo constante en la direccion NNE. EnglishWe present the first structural analysis of the Aiguablava subvertical lamprophyric dyke swarm (Catalan Coastal Ranges). Dyke emplacement has been related to the presence of a pre-existing joint network in the leucogranitic host rocks. A structural analysis was performed on the area using the circular scanlines method. The joint network consists of multiple sets and the dykes also have variable orientations, with a mean N115oE trend. Segmentation is a noticeable feature of these dykes. Discontinuous dykes consist on overlapping or non-overlapping long segments. Continuous dykes may form by merging of dyke tips, or by left or right stepping of long segments. Other structures are zigzags, dykes with two facing steps and, branching structures. Dyke opening directions are much more uniform than dyke walls orientations, with a mean orientation of N20oE. This study confirms the control exerted by a pre-existing joint system on emplacement of the dyke swarm. Although many of the pre-existing joint sets were exploited by the magma, the ~N115oE set seems to be the most favourable. Our analysis points out a rather constant subhorizontal NNE opening direction, which is interpreted as the regional σ3 axis.

Catalan

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Contribución del estudio estructural del enjambre de diques básicos del Precámbrico del Anti-Atlas al conocimiento de su significación geotectónica en la orogenia panafricana

Geogaceta (2006)

Jordi Carreras Elena Druguet A. Rahimi Lina M. Castaño Albert Griera

The Precambrian inliers in the Anti-Atlas of Morocco are extensively intruded by swarms of dolerite dykes. On the basis of detail analysis of foliation patterns around dykes from Kerdous and Zenaga inliers it is inferred that dyke emplacement was syntectonic with the main Panafrican collisional event.

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Collapse structures and the segregation and accumulation of melt

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (2009)

Paul D. Bons Elena Druguet Lina M. Castaño Marlina Elburg

Although large volumes of magma and fluid move through the crust, the sites where these volumes once resided are difficult to recognize. We show that some (foliation) boudinage and shear band structures, which are classically interpreted as resulting from externally imposed extension or shearing, are better explained by the ductile collapse of magmaor fluid-filled voids (Bons et al. 2008). Experiments show that the shape of the collapse structures depends on the original shape of the void and the direction of confluence of its walls when its contents are drained. This can lead to both symmetrical boudin-like, and asymmetrical, shear band-like structures. The recognition of the true nature of these structures necessitates a re-evaluation of strain measurements reported in the literature and the tectonic models based on them. Identifying the “missing volumes” clarifies the process of segregation and accumulation of melt as it ascends through the crust to make many cubic kilometer-sized granitoid plutons in the upper crust.

Shearing (physics)

Upper crust

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