Analysis of syntectonic magmatic veins at the mesoscale
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In Part 2 of the two-part paper, scale interaction between the large-scale wave and the BOMEX 26 July 1969 mesoscale system, is examined, primarily through the means of divergence, vertical motion, and mass flux computations. The mesoscale system was the dominant feature of most of the computational area. Vertical motions in the mesoscale system were an order of magnitude greater than those associated with the synoptic-scale wave. Compensatory sinking around the mesoscale system overwhelmed the synoptic-scale ascent. The integrated vertical mass flux in the mesoscale system was comparable to that produced by the synoptic-scale wave. A comparison is drawn between the 26 July mesoscale system and previously described tropical systems of similar short lifetimes. It is suggested that for small-scale systems to continue to intensify, a correspondingly strong concurrent large-scale forcing is a prerequisite.
Forcing (mathematics)
Synoptic scale meteorology
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Using a numerical mesoscale model, four simulations were performed to determine the effects of suppressing the initial mesoscale information in the moisture and wind fields on the precipitation forecasts. The simulations included a control forecast 12-h simulation that began at 1200 GMT March 1982 and three experiment simulations with modifications to the moisture and vertical motion fields incorporated at 1800 GMT. The forecasts from 1800 GMT were compared to the second half of the control forecast. It was found that, compared to the control forecast, suppression of the moisture and/or wind initial field(s) produces a drier forecast. However, the characteristics of the precipitation forecasts of the experiments were not different enough to conclude that either mesoscale moisture or mesoscale vertical velocity at the initial time are more important for producing a forecast closer to that of the control.
MM5
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Mesoscale numerical model MM5(V3) is used to simulate the heavy rain process in Qidong,Jiangsu Province during 15th to 16th August 2002.Simulated results show that the genesis,development and rain gush of the mesoscale system are well described.The mesoscale vortex,and local circulation are analyzed,and the analysis results demonstrate that the mesoscale vortex played an import role in the occurrence of the heavy rain,and the presence of local circulation also favored the heavy rain.
MM5
Circulation (fluid dynamics)
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Abstract The seasonal characteristics of the mesoscale coupling between sea surface temperature (SST) and wind speed in the South China Sea (SCS) are investigated using satellite observations. The correlation between mesoscale SST and wind speed is highest in winter. The region of high correlation is located in the central SCS in the early stage of the winter monsoon. It then gradually shifts northward in the following months and is located in the northern SCS in the late stage of the winter monsoon. In summer, the region of high correlation is located to the east of the Vietnam coast. Two controlling factors are crucial in mesoscale SST–wind speed coupling: the mesoscale SST gradient and the wind speed steadiness. The mesoscale SST gradient is fundamental in mesoscale coupling, but a steady wind speed also plays an important role. The development of significant coupling depends on the relative contribution of these two factors. For regions where the mesoscale SST gradient is relatively weak, a very steady wind field is required for detectable mesoscale coupling to occur, whereas in regions where the wind speed is less steady, a stronger mesoscale SST gradient must exist for coupling to develop. Variations in wind speed steadiness can well explain the inconsistency between the spatial patterns of the mesoscale SST gradient and the intensity of coupling. The wind speed steadiness is a good factor with which to evaluate the constraining effect of the background wind field variability on the development of mesoscale coupling in the SCS.
Wind Stress
Temperature Gradient
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mesoscale 在边界层和表面流动的狂暴的交换系数的计算在被改进的数字天气预言模型(MM4 ) ，被用来在 mesoscale 模型的预兆的结果上学习边界层 parameterization 计划的影响。七个不同实验计划(包括原来的 MM4 模型) 在这份报纸设计了被几大雨格的观察数据测试以便发现改进边界层 parameterization 在 mesoscale 的计划气象学的模型。结果证明所有七个不同边界层 parameterization 计划在降水紧张，雨区域的分发，垂直速度，涡度和分叉地的预报上有一些影响，并且在这的改进计划糊能改进降水预报。关键词边界层 parameterization - Mesoscale 数字天气预言(MNWP )- 狂暴的交换系数 - 表面流动 - 大雨这份报纸被中国(资助号码 49875005 和号码 49735180 ) 的国家自然科学基础支持。
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Abstract The area of the Danube Basin is interesting in the light of the evaluation both of the lithosphere structure and of various theories of Carpathian-Pannonian region tectonic evolution. The aim of this paper is to analyse both the thermal conditions in the Danube Basin and the mutual relations to geological structure and tectonic development of the region under study. First the improved distributions of the terrestrial heat flow density and of the lithosphere thickness were constructed using recently gained geophysical and geological knowledge. Then the critical analysis of existing models of the tectonic development of the region under study was carried out. The tectono-thermal interpretation activities were accomplished by new geothermal modelling approach for transient regime which utilizes also the backstriped sedimentology data as a control parameter of model. Finally the McKenzie’s “pure-shear” model of the Danube basin was constructed as acceptable conception for used geothermal and tectonic data. The determined stretching parameter has an inhomogeneous horizontal distribution and the thinning factors express the depth dependency for separate lithospheric layers.
Tectonic phase
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Mesoscale modelling for wind energy resource mapping and forecasting is an established and ever growing area of study. A crucial limitation of the mesoscale model output is its resolution. Typically the horizontal resolution is between 2 and 5 km. Therefore it is not correct to directly compare winds based on the mesoscale model with wind measurements for the purpose of verification. Nor is it correct to directly apply the winds from the mesoscale model to a specific turbine site for power production calculations or assessment of the wind conditions. This is because important topographical features in the vicinity of the measurement station or turbine site are not resolved by mesoscale model.
Microscale chemistry
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与低级喷气(mLLJ ) 通常在关口领域里引起重降雨的 mesoscale 联系的 mesoscale 旋涡。关口领域被定义为在二高度和二 lows 之间的一个区域，与类似于一个关口的等压的表面。用一个二维的浅水模型，中央 -- mesoscale 风不安的八种类型在一个理想的关口导致的规模旋涡两行诗(MVC ) 回答数字地被模仿。与 100 km 的尺寸，在北方的不安(NP ) 和南方的不安(SP ) 导致的 MVC 向关口点移动了。MVC 的尺寸由西南的不安(SWP ) 导致了，在东南不安(9 月) ，在西北不安(NWP ) ，并且在东北不安(NEP ) 为向膨胀轴移动的不安是相对小的。MVC 导致了由在东方因为他们快速移动了离开关口点，不安(EP ) 和西的不安(WP ) 不能发展，在发行量能形成以前。发行量的尺寸被在旋涡和关口点之间的距离决定。到关口点，旋涡越靠近，越 larger 旋涡的尺寸。最大的涡度的比较和 NP， SWP，和 WP 的涡度根均方差(RMSE ) 证明最大的涡度和 NP 的涡度 RMSE 比另外的不安慢减少了。因此，关口地的弱环境赞成涡度和旋涡的形成的维护。当一个 mesoscale 旋涡近形成关口点或向关口点移动时，它可以在稳定的关口域里维持一个伪静止的状态。
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