While intertidal macroalgae are exposed to drastic changes in solar photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) during a diel cycle, and to ocean acidification (OA) associated with increasing CO 2 levels, little is known about their photosynthetic performance under the combined influences of these drivers. In this work, we examined the photoprotective strategies controlling electron flow through photosystems II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) in response to solar radiation with or without UVR and an elevated CO 2 concentration in the intertidal, commercially important, red macroalgae Pyropia (previously Porphyra ) yezoensis . By using chlorophyll fluorescence techniques, we found that high levels of PAR alone induced photoinhibition of the inter-photosystem electron transport carriers, as evidenced by the increase of chlorophyll fluorescence in both the J- and I-steps of Kautsky curves. In the presence of UVR, photoinduced inhibition was mainly identified in the O 2 -evolving complex (OEC) and PSII, as evidenced by a significant increase in the variable fluorescence at the K-step ( F k ) of Kautsky curves relative to the amplitude of F J − F o (W k ) and a decrease of the maximum quantum yield of PSII ( F v / F m ). Such inhibition appeared to ameliorate the function of downstream electron acceptors, protecting PSI from over-reduction. In turn, the stable PSI activity increased the efficiency of cyclic electron transport (CET) around PSI, dissipating excess energy and supplying ATP for CO 2 assimilation. When the algal thalli were grown under increased CO 2 and OA conditions, the CET activity became further enhanced, which maintained the OEC stability and thus markedly alleviating the UVR-induced photoinhibition. In conclusion, the well-established coordination between PSII and PSI endows P. yezoensis with a highly efficient photochemical performance in response to UVR, especially under the scenario of future increased CO 2 levels and OA.
The Ordovician reef bank developed in Tarim basin is the quite favorable carbonate reservoir for petroleum exploration. The reef bank in this basin is found mainly in platform margin zone and inner-platform arch ramp zone. The reef bank in Bachu area develops in group along NE-SW,parallel to the tectonic boundary between Bachu uplift and Keping uplift; in Tazhong area it is mainly distributed in platform margin zone in Tazhong No.1 fault belt,with the feature of shifting with the platform margin migration. On the whole,the Ordovician reef bank in Tarim basin is distributed around the ancient uplifts,dominated by platform margin zone. With the tectonism rising and descending,this zone gradually migrates towards west,so does the reef bank zone,too. It is obvious that the ancient uplift evolution is of obvious controlling effect on the development of Ordovician reef bank reservoirs.
Autoimmune factor was regarded as one of the risk factors in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis (CP), especially for autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). However, whether autoimmune factor plays a role in non-AIP CP or not was unknown.Hospitalized patients with non-AIP CP from January 2010 to October 2016 were detected for 22 autoantibodies at the time of hospital admission. Autoantibodies with frequency > 0.5% were enrolled to calculate the frequency in historial healthy controls through literature search in PubMed. Differentially expressed autoantibodies were determined between patients and historial healthy controls, and related factors were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis.In a total of 557 patients, 113 cases were detected with 19 kinds of positive autoantibodies, among them anti-β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI) antibody was most frequent (9.16%). Compared with historial healthy controls, the frequencies of serum β2-GPI and anti SS-B antibody in patients were significantly higher, while frequencies of anti-smooth muscle antibody and anticardiolipin antibody were significantly lower (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis result showed that diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.515) and common bile duct stricture (OR = 2.844) were the risk factors of positive β2-GPI antibody in patients while diabetes mellitus in first-/second-/third-degree relatives (OR = 0.266) was the protective factor. There were no related factors for other three differentially expressed autoantibodies.Four autoantibodies were expressed differentially between patients with non-AIP CP and historial healthy controls. Due to limited significance for diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis, autoantibodies detection is not recommended conventionally unless suspected of AIP.
Quantitative precipitation nowcasting (QPN) is a highly challenging task in weather forecasting. The ability to provide precise, immediate, and detailed QPN products is necessary for a variety of situations, including storm warnings, air travel, and large gatherings. To address this challenge, this article proposes a new transformer lightweight physics-informed transformer (LPT)-QPN for QPN tasks, utilizing vertical cumulative liquid water content (VIL) products. This model adopts novel transformer modules to model the long-term evolution of precipitation and incorporates multihead squared attention (MHSA) to model its highly nonlinear relationships while reducing computational complexity. The results of experimental evaluations demonstrate the superiority of LPT-QPN when compared to existing state-of-the-art QPN models. In particular, the LPT-QPN model demonstrates greater accuracy for long lead time and in high-intensity areas, confirmed in both quantitative and qualitative evaluations. In addition, through three customized fine-tuning schemes, we are able to further improve the predictability of the LPT-QPN model for specific precipitation events. By incorporating the physical constraints of the convection-diffusion equation, our approach offers novel perspectives for future explorations that combine physical prior knowledge and deep-learning (DL) techniques.
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