The radiative efficiency of non-fullerene devices is modulated by the energy offset, making electroluminescence a powerful tool for energy offset evaluation.
The structure evolution of oligomer fused‐ring electron acceptors (FREAs) toward high efficiency of as‐cast polymer solar cells (PSCs) is reported. First, a series of FREAs (IC‐(1‐3)IDT‐IC) based on indacenodithiophene (IDT) oligomers as cores are designed and synthesized, effects of IDT number (1–3) on their basic optical and electronic properties are investigated, and more importantly, the relationship between device performance of as‐cast PSCs and donor(D)/acceptor(A) matching (absorption, energy level, morphology, and charge transport) of IC‐(1‐3)IDT‐IC acceptors and two representative polymer donors, PTB7‐Th and PDBT‐T1 is surveyed. Then, the most promising D/A system (PDBT‐T1/IC‐1IDT‐IC) with the best D/A harmony among the six D/A combinations, which yields a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.39%, is found. Finally, changing the side‐chains in IC‐1IDT‐IC from alkylphenyl to alkyl enhances the PCE from 7.39% to 9.20%.
The emerging photovoltaic (PV) integration technology called solar road (SR) gives road infrastructure the possibility of not only carrying traffic loads but also generating electricity. The versatility of SR leads to the nexus between transportation network (TN) and power distribution network (PDN). Along with the increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs), the installation of SR can promote the reliance of transportation and electrical networks to a higher degree. In order to cope with the severe challenges brought by SR and EV to the TN-PDN coordinated operation, this paper suggests a traffic-power coordinated operation model incorporating road solar generation (TPOSR), where the impact of the traffic flow and SR on the coupled network is studied. Specifically, the user equilibrium (UE) principle is adopted to describe the traffic flow distribution in TN, while the Distflow model is employed to model the power flow in PDN. In TN, the SRs serve as links that let the vehicles through. Moreover, from the perspective of PDN, the SR output model considering traffic shading effect is proposed, based on traffic assignment problem (TAP) and traffic flow theory. In the proposed TPOSR model, we assume the independent system operator, a public organization, can imposes road tolls and dispatch generators to promote coordinated operation of the coupled network. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed TPOSR for reducing social costs and improving SR performance.
In article number 1904196, Xiaowei Zhan, Jordi Martorell and co-workers design a building-integrated transparent photovoltaic window based on an optically tailored organic solar cell, where enhanced sunlight harvesting at large oblique angles is largely decoupled from visual transmission at normal incidence, setting a new performance standard in the field.
High-sensitivity organic photodetectors (OPDs) with strong near-infrared (NIR) photoresponse have attracted enormous attention due to potential applications in emerging technologies. However, few organic semiconductors have been reported with photoelectric response beyond ~1.1 μm, the detection limit of silicon detectors. Here, we extend the absorption of organic small-molecule semiconductors to below silicon bandgap, and even to 0.77 eV, through introducing the newly designed quinoid-terminals with high Mulliken-electronegativity (5.62 eV). The fabricated photodiode-type NIR OPDs exhibit detectivity (D*) over 1012 Jones in 0.41 to 1.2 μm under zero bias with a maximum of 2.9 × 1012 Jones at 1.02 μm, which is the highest D* for reported OPDs in photovoltaic-mode with response spectra beyond 1.1 μm. The high D* in 0.9 to 1.2 μm is comparable to those of commercial InGaAs photodetectors, despite the detection limit of our OPDs is shorter than InGaAs (~1.7 μm). A spectrometer prototype with a wide measurable region (0.4 to 1.25 μm) and NIR imaging under 1.2-μm illumination are demonstrated successfully in OPDs.
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