Abstract This book makes accessible to a wide readership, unique and important research on the biology and geological history of China. Previously only available in Chinese, this information provides a comprehensive survey and analysis of the biogeography of all major groups of fossil organisms throughout the Phanerozoic. The book incorporates the latest ideas on global tectonics and ancient climate belts for evaluating how the complex geological history of China has affected organic distributions. Each geological period is considered individually, as are the different regions of China. Readers will find out what organisms inhabited the ancient seas and lands of China, the conditions in which they lived, and when and how the disintegration of Gondwanaland and the accretion of Eurasia led to the formation of modern China. A fascinating look at one of little-known areas of the modern world, this book is indispensable for anyone interested in China and the earth sciences in general.
The information about the climate change and early human activities for 9 000 a in Jiangling area,Hubei Province,China,was documented in lake sediments.According to comprehensive analysis on multi-proxy of the sediment from the Jiangling section,this article reconstructed climate and environment change in Jiangling area during the past 9 000 a.The results show that the climate was warm and wet in 8 900~6 300 aB.P.,cold during 6 300~4 700 aB.P.,warm and wet during 4 700~3 400 aB.P.,warm and wet in 3 400~2 500 aB.P.,of which limnic peat was developed widely,cold and dry since 2 500 aB.P..The preliminary human activities started from about 6 200 aB.P.,marked by cultivation on economic crop Papaverraceae and the increased occurrence of pasture plant,such as Labiatae and Plantago.The human activities increased from about 4 700 aB.P..The human activities mainly were agriculture planting and grazing near settlement,yet with small piece of economic trees.The large-scale human activities started from 3 400 aB.P.,the Gramineae content ascended fleetly,suggesting the extension of farmland around the lake shore.The increases of broad-leaved trees and weed herbs indicate the expansion of settlement around which broad-leaved trees are replanted.With the extension of settlement and the enhancement of human activities,there existed the enhanced erosion of surface soil and the increase of coarse particle matters and nutritive material into lake.The lacustrine sediments were characterized by the prompt increase of coarse materials,and frequent fluctuation of different forms of grain size,and high value of TOC、TN、C/N,and low value of organic matter δ13C.
Abstract The Central Asia-Mongolia palaeo-ocean separated Siberia and China proper during the Late Proterozoic and Palaeozoic, and had mainly closed up by the end of Permian, although a welding of the Mongolo-Okhotsk suture was not completed until Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous times (Kosigen and Parfenov 1981). It included the vast northern Chinese borderland, Xingan-Junggar province. The Xar Moron River-Gaxunnur Lake-Ebinur Lake subduction zone is one of the major remains of this vast ocean.
Abstract Figure 15.1 demonstrates an important phenomenon of palaeoclimate distribution in the geological history of China. There are two distribution patterns of tropical, arid tropical, humid subtropical, and humid temperate zones in the northern hemisphere. In the central and western portions of the Afro-Eurasian supercontinent and western North America, where the humid NE trade winds from the ocean cannot reach, the four belts are arranged in a regular south north order (A, B, C of Fig. 15.1). In eastern Asia and eastern North America, however, the wet trade winds from the Pacific and Atlantic oceans have pushed the arid belt further westward, so that here, from south to north, are arranged wet tropical, humid subtropical, and humid temperate zones.
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