MSE, in cooperation with the Department of Defense (DOD) United States Army Construction<br>Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL), Geoscan Research/Archaeo-Physics, and Montana Tech of<br>the University of Montana, investigated the applicability of both a towed array of geophones acquiring<br>diving wave seismic tomography data and a handheld thermal imager to collect data for archaeological<br>investigations. Currently, neither archaeologists nor geophysicists use these techniques very often for<br>archaeology. The driver for this work was the need to reduce the cost and improve the reliability of<br>traditional archaeological strategies widely used to assess the significance of the thousands of sites<br>located on Department of Defense managed lands.<br>Field tests were conducted at two locations: an 18th century mission in California and Cahokia,<br>the largest and most complex late prehistoric mound site in the U.S. The tests compared the seismic<br>results and thermal sensor output to results from electrical resistivity, magnetic field gradiometry, and<br>ground penetrating radar. The seismic technique was effective at locating buried historic era<br>foundations; however, better areal coverage would improve the results. This was possible because the<br>towed geophone array provides rapid high-density data acquisition. Thermal imaging was problematic<br>due to weather conditions, but the results suggested that with further refinement, it might be useful for<br>archaeology.
Abstract Rock glaciers are periglacial alpine landforms that are found in many locations worldwide. Whereas well-developed models of deformation are established for traditional alpine glaciers, rock glacier deformation is poorly understood. Geophysical data from Lone Peak Rock Glacier (LPRG), southwest Montana, USA, are paired with lidar bare-earth 1 m digital elevation model (DEM) analysis to explore potential genetic relationships between internal composition, structure and regularly spaced arcuate transverse ridges expressed at the rock glacier surface. The internal composition of LPRG is heterogeneous, with frozen debris and clean ice overlain by an unconsolidated talus mantle. Upslope-dipping, clearly distinguished reflectors in the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) longitudinal survey at LPRG correspond to transverse ridges. The spacing and slope of individual features at the surface and in the subsurface were measured and compared and are found to be similar. The structures observed at LPRG and other rock glaciers are similar to structures detected in glaciotectonically altered sediment, ice-cored moraines and other rock glacier settings. This finding suggests that transverse ridges on rock glaciers may be used as geomorphic indicators of internal deformation. This study contributes to the body of research on the application of GPR to rock glaciers, and is the first to directly pair and analyze individual surface topographic features with internal structures.
Research Article| August 01, 2011 A Seismic Landstreamer Survey at the Hanford Site, Washington, U.S.A EMMA R. HYDE; EMMA R. HYDE Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar MARVIN A. SPEECE; MARVIN A. SPEECE 1. Corresponding author email: mspeece@mtech.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar CURTIS A. LINK; CURTIS A. LINK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar TED R. REPASKY; TED R. REPASKY Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar MICHAEL D. THOMPSON; MICHAEL D. THOMPSON Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar STEVEN F. MILLER STEVEN F. MILLER Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (2011) 17 (3): 227–239. https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.17.3.227 Article history first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation EMMA R. HYDE, MARVIN A. SPEECE, CURTIS A. LINK, TED R. REPASKY, MICHAEL D. THOMPSON, STEVEN F. MILLER; A Seismic Landstreamer Survey at the Hanford Site, Washington, U.S.A. Environmental & Engineering Geoscience 2011;; 17 (3): 227–239. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.17.3.227 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyEnvironmental & Engineering Geoscience Search Advanced Search Abstract The Hanford Nuclear Reservation, located in south-central Washington, U.S.A., is the site of a large-scale and ongoing environmental cleanup effort, which includes the remediation of radionuclide- and chemical-contaminated groundwater. Identification of preferential pathways for groundwater contaminant flow near the top of the Columbia River Basalt Group is critical for the groundwater cleanup effort. High-resolution shallow seismic surveys were conducted using a 96 channel landstreamer with gimbaled geophones on the Hanford Central Plateau near the Gable Gap area of the Hanford Nuclear Site. A primary goal of the surveys was to demonstrate the feasibility of using a landstreamer to image the top of the basalt. We were able to collect an average of 606 m of profile line at 2 m station spacing per day, for a total of 12,722 m. The survey successfully imaged the top of the basalt and demonstrated that a landstreamer with gimbaled geophones can provide quality seismic data in this area. We found that the top of the basalt ranged in depth from 30 to 100 m deep, and it displays a rugose character caused by faults and erosion from turbulent flood waters of ice-age floods originating from Glacial Lake Missoula or from later ancestral Columbia River flooding. Erosional features present in the basalt might provide an avenue for mixing of water between the supra-basalt and the basalt-confined aquifers, and faults might provide pathways for groundwater flow. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Summary The Offshore New Harbor Project will investigate the stratigraphic and tectonic history of westernmost Southern McMurdo Sound. This will be used to address two widely recognized but unresolved issues regarding Antarctica’s history: 1) the mid-Paleogene cryospheric development on Antarctica; and 2) the abrupt climate shift across the Eocene/Oligocene transition. The first step for this project is to collect the requisite seismic and gravity data for identifying future drilling targets for the ANDRILL Program. ANDRILL is a multinational program, with the aim to recover stratigraphic intervals for interpreting Antarctica’s climate and glacial history over the past 50 million years. Offshore New Harbor is an ideal locale to tackle these questions because existing data suggest substantial strata deposited during Eocene time, across the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, and into the “mid” Oligocene are preserved updip of current seismic profiles and borehole locations. Citiation: Pekar, S.F., M.A. Speece, D.M. Harwood, F. Florindo, and G. Wilson (2007), Using New Tools to Explore Undiscovered Country: Understanding the Stratigraphic and Tectonic History of Greenhouse to Icehouse Worlds of Offshore New Harbor, Ross Sea, Antarctica:
The Gallinas Mountains, located at the junction of Lincoln and Torrance Counties, New Mexico, USA, are a series of alkaline volcanic rocks intruded into Permian sedimentary rocks. The Gallinas Mountains area hosts fluorite and copper as veins containing bastnäsite, whereas deposits of iron skarns and iron replacement are in the area as well. These deposits produce iron. In this study, the multispectral band-ratio method is used for surface mineral recognition, whereas 2D subsurface structure inversion modeling was applied to explore the depth extent of the magnetic ore distribution from aeromagnetic data. Bastnäsite has higher magnetic susceptibility (0.009 SI) than the host rocks and surrounding sedimentary rock. The bastnäsite and iron oxides (magnetite + hematite) can contribute to a positive aeromagnetic anomaly. Results indicate that (1) the positive magnetic anomaly observed at Gallinas Mountains area can be accounted for by a mixture of bastnäsite and iron oxides at a depth of approximately 400 m and a thickness of approximately 13–15 m. The surface of this area is dominated by the hydrothermal alteration associated with iron oxides over the trachyte intrusions as detected by Landsat 8 band-ratio imaging.
Geological records from the Antarctic margin offer direct evidence of environmental variability at high southern latitudes and provide insight regarding ice sheet sensitivity to past climate change. The early to mid-Miocene (23-14 Mya) is a compelling interval to study as global temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentrations were similar to those projected for coming centuries. Importantly, this time interval includes the Miocene Climatic Optimum, a period of global warmth during which average surface temperatures were 3-4 °C higher than today. Miocene sediments in the ANDRILL-2A drill core from the Western Ross Sea, Antarctica, indicate that the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) was highly variable through this key time interval. A multiproxy dataset derived from the core identifies four distinct environmental motifs based on changes in sedimentary facies, fossil assemblages, geochemistry, and paleotemperature. Four major disconformities in the drill core coincide with regional seismic discontinuities and reflect transient expansion of grounded ice across the Ross Sea. They correlate with major positive shifts in benthic oxygen isotope records and generally coincide with intervals when atmospheric CO2 concentrations were at or below preindustrial levels (∼280 ppm). Five intervals reflect ice sheet minima and air temperatures warm enough for substantial ice mass loss during episodes of high (∼500 ppm) atmospheric CO2 These new drill core data and associated ice sheet modeling experiments indicate that polar climate and the AIS were highly sensitive to relatively small changes in atmospheric CO2 during the early to mid-Miocene.
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