Abstract The Resende Basin (Eocene-Oligocene) is a continental taphrogenic structure associated with the Continental Rift of Southeast Brazil and includes the Itatiaia and Acácias members. While the sediment provenance of the Itatiaia member is known, such knowledge regarding the Acácias Member is lacking. This work studies U-Pb ages and Lu-Hf data analyzed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) in detrital zircons to investigate the sandstone provenance of the Acácias Member. The results suggest that Acácias Member rocks are composed predominantly of Neoproterozoic sources (60%), significant Paleoproterozoic sources (34%) and smaller contributions from Mesoproterozoic (4%) and Archean (2%) sources. The orthogneisses of the Juiz de Fora and Quirino complexes and the metasedimentary rocks of the Andrelandia Complex and Paraíba do Sul were probably the source rocks of Archean and Paleoproterozoic materials. The metasedimentary Embú Complex may be the source of Mesoproterozoic sediments, and the granitoid bodies located south of the Resende Basin (namely,the Rio Turvo granitoid) were important Neoproterozoic sources. No Late Cretaceous ages were found in the 301 analyzed zircons, suggesting that the extensional process that originated in the basin occurred before the Itatiaia alkaline intrusions. In addition, other causes for the lack of zircon grains with the age of alkaline intrusive rocks (Morro Redondo ≈72-70 Ma; Itatiaia ≈70 Ma) may have been related to the basin location with a structural high that could have prevented the alkaline detritus from the Itatiaia and Morro Redondo intrusive bodies from reaching the study area and restricted the supply of sediments from a fluvial system with tributaries on the northern edge. In conclusion, the results of this work reveal that U-Pb ages in detrital zircons reveal a tectonic-driven of the Resende basin sediments. In this way, interpretations of tectonic environments that affected sedimentation require a thorough understanding of the lithological units that compose the basin stratigraphy and factors such as the directions of currents and the presence of structures that compartmentalized sedimentary processes.
The Comallo volcanic sedimentary Complex in the western North Patagonian Region begins with the development and collapse of Plinian-type eruptive columns of rhyolitic and dacitic composition associated to vent at approximately 192 Ma. Synchronous deposits are originating in alluvial and lagoon environments. The ƐHf(t) values obtained in zircon grains indicate possible derivation by melting Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic crust. Upwards in the sequence appears basaltic and andesitic lava flows, as well as pyroclastic deposits produced during the eruptions. This volcanism is related to sustained pyroclastic fountains with a U-Pb zircon age of 185 Ma. The volcanic rocks were possibly derived from Paleoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic, and Neoproterozoic crust affected by juvenile magmas in volcanic-arc environments. Chemical and isotopic variations are mainly due to changes in the local and regional tectonic conditions, the thickness of the continental crust, as well as the dip and age of the subducted oceanic crust.
The Marapicu Alkaline Massif is an intrusion into the Marapicu-Gericinó-Mendanha Igneous Complex that is part of the Cretaceous Poços de Caldas-Cabo Frio magmatic lineament located in the Southeastern region of Brazil. Nepheline syenites and phonolites are the most abundant rocks in the massif that also include syenites forming an alkaline series SiO2- undersatured. Chemically this series is predominantly metaluminous and to a lesser extent peralkaline. This series presents both potassic and sodic suites being the first one in greater content. The data show that both basic and intermediary rocks with parental composition sampled in this area have no genetic relationship with the other rocks of the body. Geochemistry data shows that evolution processes involved fractional crystallization with or without continental crust assimilation and also indicates that this alkaline magma was generating from an enriched mantle source. The 40Ar/39Ar age of hornblende (extracted of nepheline syenite) from Marapicu massif is 80.46 ± 0.58 Ma, which it is contrasting, with the idea of age decrease of the hotspot track from west to east on the Poços de Caldas-Cabo Frio magmatic lineament.
O Complexo Pedra Branca está localizado geograficamente na zona oeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e está inserido tectonicamente no Domínio Costeiro, pertencente ao Terreno Oriental da Faixa Ribeira Central. Os litotipos que formam o Complexo foram gerados em eventos relacionados a Orogênese Brasiliana (~600 Ma), abrigando assim rochas pré- a- pós-colisionais. O estudo de corpos graníticos pós-tectônicos na Faixa Ribeira revela que o magmatismo ocorreu em dois pulsos distintos, com intervalo de aproximadamente 30Ma entre eles. O presente estudo analisou 9 amostras do Complexo Pedra Branca, por meio dos métodos geocronológicos U-Pb e Lu-Hf, referentes às litologias granito Pedra Branca, possível representante do pulso mais antigo e granito Favela, possível representante do pulso mais jovem, a fim de melhorar a compreensão do magmatismo pós-tectônico na região. Os resultados, em sua maioria, corroboraram com os anteriormente descritos na literatura, porém indicaram que o magmatismo no complexo, ocorreu na forma de pulsos progressivos, diminuindo o tempo de intervalo esperado para o mesmo (~20Ma). O indicador petrogenético εHf indicou participação de fontes crustais e mantélicas, dando caráter bimodal ao magmatismo.
Abstract This work integrates the available geological information and geochronology data for the Cretaceous–Recent magmatism in the South Atlantic, represented by onshore and offshore magmatic events, including the oceanic islands along the transform faults and near the mid-ocean ridge. The analysis of the igneous rocks and their tectonic settings allows new insights into the evolution of the African and Brazilian continental margins during the South Atlantic opening. Following the abundant volcanism in the Early Cretaceous, the magmatic quiescence during the Aptian–Albian times is a common characteristic of almost all Brazilian and West African marginal basins. However, rocks ascribed to the Cabo Granite (104 Ma) are observed in NE Brazil. In West Africa, sparse Aptian–Albian ages are observed in a few coastal igneous centres. In the SE Brazilian margin, an east–west alkaline magmatic trend is observed from Poços de Caldas to Cabo Frio, comprising igneous intrusions dated from 87 to 64 Ma. Mafic dyke swarms trending NW also occur in the region extending from the Cabo Frio Province towards the Central Brazilian Craton. On the West African side, Early Cretaceous–Recent volcanism is observed in the Walvis Ridge (139 Ma), the St Helena Ridge (81 Ma) and the Cameroon Volcanic Line (Early Tertiary–Recent). Volcanic islands such as Ascencion (1.0–0.65 Ma), Tristão da Cunha (2.5–0.13 Ma) and the St Helena islands (12 Ma) most probably correspond to mantle plumes or hot spots presently located near the mid-Atlantic spreading centre. Within the South America platform and deep oceanic regions, the following volcanic islands are observed: the Rio Grande Rise (88–86 Ma), Abrolhos (54–44 Ma), the Vitória–Trindade Chain (no age), Trindade (2.8–1.2 Ma) and Fernando de Noronha (12–1.5 Ma). There are several volcanic features along the NW–SE-trending Cruzeiro do Sul Lineament from Cabo Frio to the Rio Grande Rise, but they have not been dated. The only known occurrence of serpentinized mantle rocks in the South Atlantic margin is associated with the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Rocks located along the São Paulo Fracture Zone. The Cameroon Volcanic Line in NW Africa is related to the magmatism that started in the Late Cretaceous and shows local manifestations up to the Present. The compilation of all available magmatic ages suggests an asymmetrical evolution between the African and South America platforms with more pre-break-up and post-break-up magmatism observed in the Brazilian margin. This is most likely to have resulted from the different geological processes operating during the South Atlantic Ocean opening, shifts in the spreading centre, and, possibly, the rising and waning of mantle plumes. Supplementary material: A complete table with radiometric dates that have been obtained by universities, government agencies and research groups is available at: www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18596
Here we define the Comallo volcanic sedimentary complex of the western North Patagonian Massif. It is composed by two members that include 9 lithofacies and 7 facies associations. The lower member is represented by massive and stratified lapilli tuffs, lithic and tuffaceous breccias, coherent andesite-dacite lava-flows, andesitic breccias, and massive crystalline limestones. The upper member consists of red conglomerates, parallel and cross-stratification sandstones, and mudstones. The lower member is interpreted as having been deposited by dilute and dense pyroclastic currents, block and ash deposits and lava-flow, and hypersaline lacustrine environments. The upper member is considered to have been deposited in fluviatile environments. A new U-Pb age of 192.0 ± 3.0 Ma (Sinemurian) was obtained for this complex. It is coeval with several volcanic sedimentary units that crop out along the western North Patagonian Massif, the Neuquén basin and the Extraandean Chubut in pull-apart or rift depocentres. The movements of the NW-SE strike-slip faults that border the northern and southern limits of the Comallo depocentre made possible the development of a pull-apart basin as well as the volcanism and the fluvial system. This and other coeval units were deposited in similar environmental conditions along the North Patagonian Massif, the Neuquén basin and the extraandean Chubut, indicating a similar tectonomagmatic setting, in a tensional rear-arc during Lower Jurassic times.