The use of photothermal agents (PTAs) in cancer photothermal therapy (PTT) has shown promising results in clinical studies. The rapid degradation of PTAs may address safety concerns but usually limits the photothermal stability required for efficacious treatment. Conversely, PTAs with high photothermal stability usually degrade slowly. The solutions that address the balance between the high photothermal stability and rapid degradation of PTAs are rare. Here, we report that the inherent Cu2+-capturing ability of black phosphorus (BP) can accelerate the degradation of BP, while also enhancing photothermal stability. The incorporation of Cu2+ into BP@Cu nanostructures further enables chemodynamic therapy (CDT)-enhanced PTT. Moreover, by employing 64Cu2+, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can be achieved for in vivo real-time and quantitative tracking. Therefore, our study not only introduces an "ideal" PTA that bypasses the limitations of PTAs, but also provides the proof-of-concept application of BP-based materials in PET-guided, CDT-enhanced combination cancer therapy.
Late Permian (early Kuman) radiolarians are reported and depicted from Sado Island of Niigata Prefecture, central Japan, for the first time. The radiolarian fauna is obtained from mudstone. It is composed of Follicucullus charveti Caridroit et De Wever, FoUicucullus ventricosus Ormiston et Babcock, Entactinosphaera aff. Cimelia Nazarov et Ormiston, Entactinosphaera pseudocimelia Sashida et Tonishi, Hegleria mammilla (Sheng et Wang) and so on. A part of the pre-Tertiary rocks of Sado Island should be correlated to the Permian of the Ultra-Tanba Belt or Joetsu Belt, although they have previously been regarded as one of the Mesozoic accretionary complexes of the Ashio Belt.
A paleomagnetic study was conducted on Triassic and Jurassic red bedded chert from the Inuyama area, central Japan. Paleomagnetic specimens were collected from single chert beds at nine sites within mesoscopic (1∼5 m) folds, whose ages were determined by radiolarian fossils. Progressive thermal demagnetization experiments were conducted, and three of the four magnetization components provided tectonic implications. Component D (unblocking temperature of 560°–680°C), from six sites, passes the fold test with the mesoscopic folds. Paleolatitude was estimated as 12.3°±15.6°N or S, 19.0°±10.5°N or S, and 25.7°±16.7°N or S for 237 Ma, 223.5 Ma, and 210 Ma, respectively. In the case of northern latitude, a northward migration of 5.6± .9 cm/yr is estimated between 237 Ma and 210 Ma, with no significant latitudinal migration from 210 Ma to 160 Ma. Component C (unblocking temperature of 350°–530°C) has normal polarity and is thought to have been acquired as a chemical remanent magnetization carried by magnetite, which was acquired as synfolding magnetization with the Sakahogi Synform. The magnetization is considered to have been acquired through heating in the accretionary wedge during the Cretaceous Normal Superchron (120.5–83.5 Ma). Component B (unblocking temperature of 200°–350°C) has reversed polarity and is thought to have been acquired as a thermoviscous remanent magnetization after the bending of the Sakahogi Synform. The most probable period of the magnetization acquisition is between C27r and C24r (58–63 Ma) after the emplacement of Late Cretaceous granitic batholiths.
The Northern Calcareous Alps in the Western Tethys realm were affected in Middle to Late Jurassic times by a mountain building process triggered by ophiolite obduction similar to that in the Inner Western Carpathians or Inner Dinarides. In contrast to these other mountain ranges, in the Northern Calcareous Alps the obducted ophiolites or ophiolite derived components in the Bathonian-Oxfordian mélanges are missing. Cr-spinels in Kimmeridgian basinal deposits are the oldest known relics of a Jurassic ophiolite obduction. This study reveals new data from a newly detected Hallstatt Mélange below the Late Jurassic Plassen Platform in the southeastern Northern Calcareous Alps (Raucherschober/Schafkogel area). Upper Triassic Hallstatt Limestone blocks from the former distal northwestern continental margin of the Neo-Tethys Ocean, as well as ophiolite and radiolarite blocks from the Neo-Tethys Ocean floor rest within an upper Middle to lower Upper Jurassic radiolaritic-argillaceous matrix. Ophiolitic blocks show calc-alkaline volcanic arc affinity, defining the rocks as the product of intra-oceanic subduction and the formation of an early arc during stacking of the oceanic crust. Resedimented ribbon radiolarite blocks deposited above the newly formed suprasubduction (SSZ) ophiolites in the Neo-Tethys Ocean east of the island arc have a Middle Jurassic age. Later, at a time of decreasing tectonic activity, the Hallstatt Mélange was sealed by the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian Plassen Carbonate Platform, showing a shallowing-upward trend.
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