Jan Boll

Washington State University

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Ricardo Sánchez‐Murillo

The University of Texas at Arlington

Erin Brooks

University of Idaho

Germain Esquivel‐Hernández

Universidad Nacional

Christian Birkel

Universidad de Costa Rica

Tammo S. Steenhuis

Cornell University

Chris Soulsby

Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries

Kristen Welsh

College of The Bahamas

P. A. McDaniel

University of Idaho

Ana María Durán‐Quesada

Universidad de Costa Rica

Doerthe Tetzlaff

Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries

Cooperative Institutions

University of Idaho

Cornell University

Washington State University

Agricultural Research Service

United States Department of Agriculture

Universidad Nacional

Wageningen University & Research

Oregon State University

Universidad de Costa Rica

Southwest Watershed Research Center

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Tropical precipitation anomalies and d -excess evolution during El Niño 2014-16

Hydrological Processes (2016)

Ricardo Sánchez‐Murillo Ana María Durán‐Quesada Christian Birkel Germain Esquivel‐Hernández Jan Boll

The last 2014-16 El Niño event was among the three strongest episodes on record. El Niño considerably changes annual and seasonal precipitation across the tropics. Here, we present a unique stable isotope data set of daily precipitation collected in Costa Rica prior to, during, and after El Niño 2014-16, in combination with Lagrangian moisture source and precipitation anomaly diagnostics. δ2H composition ranged from -129.4 to +18.1 (‰) while δ18O ranged from -17.3 to +1.0 (‰). No significant difference was observed among δ18O (P=0.186) and δ2H (P=0.664) mean annual compositions. However, mean annual d-excess showed a significant decreasing trend (from +13.3 to +8.7 ‰) (P<0.001) with values ranging from +26.6 to -13.9 ‰ prior to and during the El Niño evolution. The latter decrease in d-excess can be partly explained by an enhanced moisture flux convergence across the southeastern Caribbean Sea coupled with moisture transport from northern South America by means of an increased Caribbean Low Level Jet regime. During 2014-15, precipitation deficit across the Pacific domain averaged 46% resulting in a very severe drought; while a 94% precipitation surplus was observed in the Caribbean domain. Understanding these regional moisture transport mechanisms during a strong El Niño event may contribute to a) better understanding of precipitation anomalies in the tropics and b) re-evaluate past stable isotope interpretations of ENSO events in paleoclimatic archives within the Central America region.

δ18O

Anomaly (physics)

10.1002/hyp.11088

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Citations (60)

Isotope hydrology and baseflow geochemistry in natural and human-altered watersheds in the Inland Pacific Northwest, USA

Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies (2015)

Ricardo Sánchez‐Murillo Erin Brooks William J. Elliot Jan Boll

This study presents a stable isotope hydrology and geochemical analysis in the inland Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the USA. Isotope ratios were used to estimate mean transit times (MTTs) in natural and human-altered watersheds using the FLOWPC program. Isotope ratios in precipitation resulted in a regional meteoric water line of δ(2)H = 7.42·δ(18)O + 0.88 (n = 316; r(2) = 0.97). Isotope compositions exhibited a strong temperature-dependent seasonality. Despite this seasonal variation, the stream δ(18)O variation was small. A significant regression (τ = 0.11D(-1.09); r(2) = 0.83) between baseflow MTTs and the damping ratio was found. Baseflow MTTs ranged from 0.4 to 0.6 years (human-altered), 0.7 to 1.7 years (mining-altered), and 0.7 to 3.2 years (forested). Greater MTTs were represented by more homogenous aqueous chemistry whereas smaller MTTs resulted in more dynamic compositions. The isotope and geochemical data presented provide a baseline for future hydrological modelling in the inland PNW.

Base flow

Seasonality

Isotope Analysis

10.1080/10256016.2015.1008468

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Citations (51)

Insight into the stable isotopic composition of glacial lakes in a tropical alpine ecosystem: Chirripó, Costa Rica

Hydrological Processes (2018)

Germain Esquivel‐Hernández Ricardo Sánchez‐Murillo Adolfo Quesada‐Román Giovanny M. Mosquera Christian Birkel

Abstract Tropical high‐elevation lakes are considered sentinels of global climate change. This work characterizes the hydrological conditions of tropical alpine glacial lakes located in the highlands of Chirripó, Costa Rica, using a unique data set of water stable isotopes (δ 2 H and δ 18 O) in precipitation, stream water, and lake water between September 2015 and July 2017. A combined dataset of bathymetric, hydrometric, and isotope data collected between July 2016 and July 2017 on Lake Ditkevi was used to calculate the annual water balance of the lake. Evaporation to inflow ratios from three lake systems was estimated using a linear resistance model, the experimentally estimated local evaporation line of Chirripó, and the first glacial lake water evaporation lines in the region. The temporal isotopic variations (δ 18 O, d ‐excess, and lc‐excess) confirm variations in the dry and wet season evaporative conditions for the glacial lakes and consistently average annual low evaporation to inflow ( E/I ) ratios in the range of 2.0 ± 0.8% and 18.1 ± 12.2%. Lake Ditkevi's water balance indicates annual steady‐state conditions, with an estimated evaporation loss of 650 mm/year (10.0 ± 5.0% of inflow), a high‐water contribution to the catchment (90% of inflow), a residence time of 0.53 ± 0.27 years, and a catchment scale (0.289 km 2 ) water yield or depth equivalent run‐off of 278 mm/yr. These results provide novel information about water balance and evaporation losses in tropical alpine glacial lakes, which can serve as baseline information for future isotope‐based hydro‐climate research in high‐elevation regions in the tropics and elsewhere.

Water balance

10.1002/hyp.13286

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Citations (35)

Climate and Water Conflicts Coevolution from Tropical Development and Hydro‐Climatic Perspectives: A Case Study of Costa Rica

JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association (2017)

Germain Esquivel‐Hernández Ricardo Sánchez‐Murillo Christian Birkel Jan Boll

Abstract Costa Rica is a nation with a vast wealth of water resources; however, recently the country has faced water conflicts (WC) due to social, economic, legal, and political impediments in response to limited water availability during El Niño events and inefficient use of its water resources. This study presents a spatial distribution and temporal analysis of WC in Costa Rica from 2005 to 2015. In total, 719 WC were analyzed of which 54% were among private individuals and government. The largest urban areas and the Grande de Tárcoles Basin were identified as the main “hot spot” for the conflicts. WC were mainly caused by spills of wastewater, water pollution, water shortage, infrastructure damage, and flooding, and can be predicted using a multiple linear model including the population size and the number of hydro‐meteorological events (HME) ( R 2 = 0.77). The identified HME also coevolved significantly with the changes in precipitation regimes ( r = 0.67, p = 0.021). Our results suggest that there is a need to recognize that water infrastructure longevity across the country concatenates and amplifies WC, mainly in the most populated area located in the Central Valley. Implications of our findings include the need for truly integrated water resources management plans that include, for example, WC as indicators of hydro‐climatic changing conditions and water supply and sanitation infrastructure status.

10.1111/1752-1688.12617

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Citations (24)

Deciphering key processes controlling rainfall isotopic variability during extreme tropical cyclones

Nature Communications (2019)

Ricardo Sánchez‐Murillo Ana María Durán‐Quesada Germain Esquivel‐Hernández Daniela Rojas-Cantillano Christian Birkel

10.1038/s41467-019-12062-3

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Citations (77)

Rangeland hydrology and erosion model (RHEM) enhancements for applications on disturbed rangelands

Hydrological Processes (2014)

Osama Z. Al‐Hamdan Mariano Hernández Frederick B. Pierson M. A. Nearing C. Jason Williams

Abstract The rangeland hydrology and erosion model (RHEM) is a new process‐based model developed by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. RHEM was initially developed for functionally intact rangelands where concentrated flow erosion is minimal and most soil loss occurs by rain splash and sheet flow erosion processes. Disturbance such as fire or woody plant encroachment can amplify overland flow erosion by increasing the likelihood of concentrated flow formation. In this study, we enhanced RHEM applications on disturbed rangelands by using a new approach for the prediction and parameterization of concentrated flow erosion. The new approach was conceptualized based on observations and results of experimental studies on rangelands disturbed by fire and/or by tree encroachment. The sediment detachment rate for concentrated flow was calculated using soil erodibility and hydraulic (flow width and stream power) parameters. Concentrated flow width was calculated based on flow discharge and slope using an equation developed specifically for disturbed rangelands. Soil detachment was assumed to begin with concentrated flow initiation. A dynamic erodibility concept was applied where concentrated flow erodibility was set to decrease exponentially during a run‐off event because of declining sediment availability. Erodibility was estimated using an empirical parameterization equation as a function of vegetation cover and surface soil texture. A dynamic partial differential sediment continuity equation was used to model the total detachment rate of concentrated flow and rain splash and sheet flow. The enhanced version of the model was evaluated against rainfall simulation data for three different sites that exhibit some degree of disturbance by fire and/or by tree encroachment. The coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency were 0.78 and 0.71, respectively, which indicates the capability of the model using the new approach for predicting soil loss on disturbed rangeland. By using the new concentrated flow modelling approach, the model was enhanced to be a practical tool that utilizes readily available vegetation and soil data for quantifying erosion and assessing erosion risk following rangeland disturbance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

WEPP

Stream power

10.1002/hyp.10167

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Citations (43)

Author response for "Stable isotope tempestology of tropical cyclones across the North Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Ocean basins"

Ricardo Sánchez‐Murillo Dimitris A. Herrera Kegan K. Farrick Germain Esquivel‐Hernández Rolando Sánchez‐Gutiérrez

Atlantic hurricane

Pacific basin

Oceanic basin

10.1111/nyas.15274/v3/response1

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Citations (0)

The need for a virtual hydrologic laboratory for PUB

IAHS-AISH publication (2005)

Eric F. Wood Jan Boll P.W. Bogaart P. A. Troch

Source

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Citations (11)

Subsurface Drainage Water Quality from Structured Soil

Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering (1995)

Gil Shalit Tammo S. Steenhuis Hans M. Hakvoort Jan Boll Larry D. Geohring

The often rapid arrival of pesticides at the ground water has been explained by the concept of preferential movement of water and solutes through the soil. To facilitate understanding of these transport processes, a drainage study was conducted by applying a nonadsorbed tracer to plots drained by subsurface drains. Three management practices were employed: no-till, conventional-till, and conventional-till with incorporation of the tracer. The plots were irrigated with 71–203 mm of water. Drainage line outflow and tracer concentration in the outflow were monitored for up to 52 hr. The resulting soil profiles were analyzed for tracer concentration. The main effect of plowing and incorporating the tracer was a more uniform concentration in the resulting profile. A simple mixing-layer model was used to predict the rate at which the tracer was transported out of the root zone into the layers below. The model was found to be in reasonable agreement with drainage outflow patterns, especially from the incorporated plots. These results may be helpful for future development of best-management practices for controlling the effects of agriculture on environmental pollution.

TRACER

Outflow

Plough

Soil horizon

DNS root zone

10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1995)121:3(239)

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Citations (8)

Spatio-temporal patterns of groundwater depths and soil nutrients in a small watershed in the Ethiopian highlands: Topographic and land-use controls

Journal of Hydrology (2017)

Christian D. Guzmán Seifu A. Tilahun Dessalegn C. Dagnew Fasikaw A. Zimale Assefa D. Zegeye

Infiltration (HVAC)

10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.09.060

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Citations (21)