The eclogites mostly occur as lenses or layers intercalated in the metamorphic supracrustal rocks in the Dabie Mountains, China. Melt inclusions have been discovered for the first time in the eclogites. Petrographical, microthermometric and Raman spectroscopic studies have been made of the inclusions. The melt inclusions are isolated within omphacite, kyanhe and coesite. The homogenization temperatures for the melt inclusions generally vary between 820 and 950 °C. Some inclusions contain two phases, a silicate glass phase and a gas phase in which the dominant gas is CO2, and some three phases with an aqueous solution (15.9 – 22.0 Wt%NaCleq), The composition of glass phase from a kyanite eclogite(Sample 1) is close to its host mineral kyanite. H2S and OH detected by Ramma analyses are respectively molecules and ions in monomer [SiO4] networks. The glass phase from coesite-bearing eclogite (Sample 4) corresponds to a type of frame [SiO2] network structure, with a composition close to the host mineral coesite. Thus the host minerals possibly crystallized from the melts of corresponding compositions, and the melts are likely of anatexis origin.
Abstract In this study, we aimed to explore the long noncoding RNA expression pattern in squamous cell lung cancer (SQCC) on a genome-wide scale. Total RNAs were extracted from 16 lung SQCC patients’ normal and matched lung cancer tissues by Trizol reagent. The expression level of genome-wide scale lncRNA and mRNA was determined by microarray. qRT-PCR was used to validate the lncRNA expression level in 47 patients. Data analyses were performed using R and Bioconductor. A total of 2,748 up and 852 down regulated probes were identified to be significantly and differentially expressed in tumor tissues. The annotation result of their co-expressed mRNAs showed that the most significantly related category of GO analysis was development and differentiation, while the most significantly related pathway was cell cycle. Subgroup analysis identified that 46 and 18 probes were specifically differentially expressed in smoking and moderately differentiated tumors, respectively. Our study indicated that clusters of lncRNAs were significantly and differentially expressed in SQCC compared with normal tissues in the same subject. They may exert a significant role in lung cancer development and could be potential targets for future treatment of SQCC.
Abstract In 3D electromagnetic (EM) forward modeling, an analytical solution is generally not available. Numerical solution is commonly applied to solve the forward modeling problems, mostly based on iterative solvers. The efficiency of EM forward modeling is critical for the development of practical inversion for EM data. The Krylov subspace solvers are widely used to solve frequency-domain EM forward modeling problems. However, these solvers converge remarkably more slowly as the operating period increases. This can be improved by the use of preconditioner and divergence correction. Multigrid (MG) solver is efficient for solving EM forward modelling problems without the use of preconditioner and divergence correction. In this paper, a MG solver is compared with Bi-Conjugate Gradients Stabilized (BCG) solvers with different preconditioners. They are compared, in terms of iteration number and computing time, indicating the MG solver is much more efficient.
Based on the results of exploration carried out from 2003 to 2017, oil shales from different areas of the Permian Lucaogou Formation in the JunggarBasin in the northern Bogda Mountains, Northwest China were comparatively investigated, their resources were summarized and development potential was analyzed.The layer of oil shale in the central region of the study area is the thickest, with the greatest cumulative thickness of 198.75 m, while in the western and eastern regions the layer is relatively thin, 66.18 m and 130.00 m, respectively.The total organic carbon (TOC) content of oil shale is 5-35 wt%, whereas the average TOC of oil shale in the central and eastern regions is higher than that in the western region.Based on Hydrogen Index (HI)-Tmax and Pyrolytic Hydrocarbon (S 2 )-TOC diagrams, the organic matter type of oil shale in the central region is mainly I, and in the western and eastern regions mostly II 1 -II 2 and I-II 1 , respectively.In the plane of the whole northern Bogda Mountains, the oil yield of oil shale greatly varies, and the quality of oil shale in the central region is the highest.Of all the studied samples, those with an oil yield ω > 5 wt% account for 70%.Oil shale resources in the study area total 55.241 billion tons (identified resources are 3.921 billion tons), while converted shale oil resources form 5.293 billion tons.Of the 55.241 billion tons, oil shale resources with an oil yield higher than 5 wt% account for 97.26%.Analysis shows that the Yaomoshan Mountain mining area has the greatest development potential, followed by the Lucaogou and Shanghuangshanjie-Panjiazikou mining areas.
Traditional Krylov subspace methods can be slow for electromagnetic modeling, particularly at lower frequencies. One of the commonly used remedies is to apply the divergence correction iteratively during the solution process, which requires solving an additional divergence correction equation. Alternatively, we have developed an efficient regularization technique to carry out the forward modeling of the anisotropic effect for 3D controlled-source electromagnetic data. Inside this scheme, we explicitly include the gradient of a scaled divergence correction term into the original curl-curl equation for general anisotropic conductivity structure. This inclusion leads to a significantly better-conditioned linear system of equations without changing the solution of the original system and avoids the solution of an additional equation. The correctness of the developed algorithm is examined based on a vertical transverse isotropic layered model with the semianalytical solution available. Then, we use a tilted transverse isotropic ocean canonical reservoir model and a general anisotropic 3D model to investigate the stability and efficiency of the algorithm. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the developed technique is 0.49–2.9 times faster than the standard algorithm at the considered frequencies.
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