Reduced Runoff in the Upper Yangtze River Due To Comparable Contribution of Anthropogenic and Climate Changes
F. J. ZengQiulan HeYao LiWeiyu ShiRuowen YangMingguo MaGuangwei HuangJunlan XiaoXinyue YangDongrui Di
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Abstract The changing climate and intensifying human activities have made an impact on the hydrological processes in the upper Yangtze River (UYR), but quantifying their effects remains uncertain. This study used the Budyko framework to investigate the response of runoff ( Q ) to climate change and human activities during 1956–2017 and evaluate the impacts of human activities, including land use/cover change, water use, dam construction, and vegetation change, on watershed characteristic. Results show that climate change is the dominant driver of Q variations in the Wujiang River (WJR), Jialing River (JLR), and Jinsha River (JSR) watersheds, with contributions of 58.6%, 66.9%, and 67.6%, respectively. However, in Mingjiang River (MJR) and UYR watersheds, human activities contribute more to Q variations with 55.2% and 51.2%, respectively. Human activities play important roles in variation of watershed characteristics, and they can explain 22%, 26%, 36%, 25%, and 53% of the watershed character change in UYR, WJR, JLR, MJR, and JSR, respectively. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the causes of Q change in UYR, and provides a new perspective to explore the effects of specific human activities on watershed characteristics.Keywords:
Yangtze river
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Runoff pollution have become a serious issue in terms of water pollution in porous areas, especially in urban backfilled soil. The transport and distribution of runoff water and nutrients in the surface runoff and the subsurface runoff of backfilled soil runoff systems are determined using simulated rainfall and the results indicate that the flow patterns of runoff are different from those of surface runoff and subsurface runoff. The rate of surface runoff flow increases in the beginning and reaches a stable state with a delay of 10 min to rainfall, while the flow rate of subsurface runoff is consistent during the whole runoff period. Most of the pollutants (90% of total suspended solids, 88% of total phosphorus, and 78% of total nitrogen) are carried in the surface runoff, which directly results in polluting the surface‐receiving water. The results of the present study will provide information related to the management of runoff pollution in the backfilled soil runoff system.
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A method is presented by which the proportions of a watershed that contribute surface runoff in different storms and at different times during the same storm can be determined by analysis of rainfall and runoff records. The method is a modification of a method described in an earlier paper, which eliminates the need for subjective selection of particular runoff events for analysis. The method is illustrated using data from a 16.8‐ha watershed in Queensland, Australia, and the estimates of runoff from the different source areas are compared with actual records of runoff from the whole watershed. Runoff occurred from the entire watershed area on only three occasions in the 15‐yr study period, about 10% of runoff events. In about two‐thirds of runoff events, runoff came only from the 15% of the watershed that has the smallest surface storage capacity.
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