Decadal Changes in Glaciers in the Alaknanda Basin (Uttarakhand) Under Warming Climate
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ABSTRACT To improve our knowledge of glacier area changes in the central Chilean and Argentinean Andes (32°9′S–33°4′S), two new glacier inventories from 1989 to 2013/14 are compared with a reinterpreted inventory from 1955. Comparisons show glacier area retreat of 30 ± 3% since 1955, decreasing from 134 to 94 km 2 in 2013/14, whilst the annual rate of area loss showed a small increase (insignificant) between the periods of 1955–1989 and 1989–2013/14. Separate analysis of the 1989 and 2013/14 inventories, including a larger sample, revealed a higher rate of glacier change compared with the smaller samples of these inventories. Additionally, an analysis at ~5 year intervals for six major glaciers (1955–2013) indicates large variability in response times and area loss magnitudes. Glacier Olivares Alfa, for example, lost 63% of its ice area, while the Juncal Norte Glacier lost only 10% (1955–2013). The findings from this study improve our current knowledge base concerning widespread glacier decline in the southern Andes, and furthers monitoring efforts in this poorly described region of the world, a region containing vital water resources for populated areas in South America.
Glacier mass balance
Little ice age
Glacier morphology
Tidewater glacier cycle
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In this paper,we reviewed the recent plateau glaciers and lakes change research achievements,with special emphasis on discussion of the relationship between glacier shrinkage and lake change.In the context of global climate change,the glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau have been generally retreating while the lakes have been generally expanding.Firstly,the researches about glacial terminal retreat,areas and volume variations in the Tibetan Plateau in recent decades have been reviewed and analyzed,and tempo-spatial change characteristics of glaciers have been discussed.Secondly,the lake area,volume and water level changes have been reviewed and analyzed,and tempo-spatial change characteristics of lakes have been discussed.The results show that the retreat speed in the outer edge of the Tibetan Plateau was larger than that of the inland on the whole,the area and water level of the lakes fed by glacial water increased.Finally,the existing problems of the present studies on glaciers and lakes changes and the future tendency were analyzed.
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Abstract Global warming is causing widespread glacier retreat, with small glaciers disappearing. We investigate changes in glaciers over the western Lenglongling mountains, located in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Glacier extent over the western Lenglongling mountains is estimated by comparing digitized glacier outlines obtained from aerial photographs and satellite imagery. These results suggest that all 179 glaciers in the western Lenglongling mountains shrunk between 1972 and 2007. The total area loss was ~24.4 km 2 , accounting for ~28.3% (0.81% a -1 ) of the glacierized area in 1972. The average area retreat rates differ over different time intervals: they are approximately 0.68, 0.90, 0.77 and 0.56 km 2 a -1 over the periods 1972-95,1995-99,1999-2002 and 2002-07, respectively. Based on analysis of meteorological data, glacier shrinkage in the study area can probably be attributed to the increase in air temperature. Furthermore, the smaller glaciers display a higher shrinkage rate than larger glaciers, and glaciers on southwest-facing slopes appear to retreat faster than those on northeast- facing slopes.
Glacier mass balance
Glacier morphology
Cirque glacier
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Research on glacier change has been limited in Chinese Altay Mountains among the border of China,Russia and Mongolia,despite the fact that the number of glaciers in the Altay Mountains is less among all mountain ranges in China,and the glaciers in this region provide very important water resources for local economic development and drinking water for man use.Most of the research on glaciers in China is in Tianshan Mountains,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Qilian Mountains,but not in Altay Mountains.During the past several decades,most glaciers are in a state of rapid retreating due to climate warming.The glaciers of Youyi in the Altay Mountains were selected as the study area.Based on 1∶50 000 topographic maps in 1959,ASTER remote sensing data in 2008 and digital elevation model(DEM),the study area for glaciers was extracted by using the remote sensing image processing and analyzing method,and the changes of glaciers in the study area were analyzed under the support of the geographic information systems technology.The results indicate that the amplitude of the whole change of glaciers in the Youyi Area is large and glaciers in this area have retreated rapidly during the study period from 1959 to 2008.In the study period,the total area and number of the investigated glaciers(226) have reduced by 32.5%and 27.9%.At the same time,the results showed that glaciers average rate of change with area less than 1 km2 is-66.7% and glaciers average rate of change with area less than 0.5 km2 is-70%.Moreover,those glaciers with area from 1 to 5 km2 have reduced by 27.9%.The paper analyzed the reasons of the large change rate of glaciers,and the results indicate that the large change rate of glaciers is caused by the large proportion of small glaciers,whose glaciers smaller than 1 km2 account for nearly 75% in the investigated glaciers.Moreover,the results show that the larger the glaciers are,the higher the amplitude of the ablation is,but the reduced rate is lower.And those glaciers have the highest degree of response to climate change.The glaciers retreated by 253 m at a rate of 18.3%.The glacier changes exhibited obvious spatial differences,indicating that the reduction rate of glaciers to the south slope of the Youyi Area was larger than that of the north.
Glacier mass balance
Accumulation zone
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Abstract The authors assess the retreat of the poorly studied glaciers of the Russian Northeast from their maximum extent during the Little Ice Age, utilizing remote sensing and historical data. The basic indices of change utilized were the linear distance from the end of the glacier to its moraine and the difference in absolute elevations of the end of the glacier and the moraine; these were calculated for 23 glaciers in the Kodar Range, 37 glaciers in the Suntar‐Khayata Range, 52 glaciers in the Cherskiy Range, and 63 glaciers on the Koryak Upland.
Rock glacier
Glacier morphology
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(1939). Chapter IX. The ice dammed lakes of Iceland with particular reference to their values as indicators of glacier oscillations. Geografiska Annaler: Vol. 21, No. 3-4, pp. 216-242.
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The study assesses terminus retreat of medium-sized glaciers (1988-2018) using geospatial dataset and field study in Sikkim which is under the direct influence of the Indian SW monsoon. It also explores the causes of intra-regional and inter-regional diverse patterns of glacier retreat under the purview of topographical and climatic factors to develop a glacier-climate synthesis over the region. Glaciers have retreated in a range from 63.9 to 3.9 m yr-1 and lost a total area of ∼2.53% (0.08% yr-1) in the study area. The intra-regional heterogeneity in glaciers retreat seems to be caused by topographical factors in the study area. A comparison of glacier retreats with other parts of the Himalayas reveals a declining gradient from the northwest to the eastern Himalayas, broadly. This inter-regional disparity in the retreat rate seems to be caused by existing climatic regimes over different parts of the Himalayas. The results help to comprehend the glacier-climate synthesis over the Himalayan region.
Glacier mass balance
Cirque glacier
Glacier morphology
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Deglaciation
Rock glacier
Glacier mass balance
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The presence of very small glaciation in the Khibiny mountains was discovered by V.F. Perov in 1958. Since then and until the beginning of the 21st study of glaciers in this area has not been carried out. In general, warming is recorded on the Kola Peninsula. The average annual increase in temperature is 2.3°C ± 1°C during the last 50 years, which correlates with the data of other researchers. The glaciers in the Khibiny mountains should have significantly reduced their size in this connection. In other Arctic regions degradation of glaciation is noted. Some researchers predicted to disappear of Khibiny glaciation. In order to assess the change in glacier areas, we carried out a comprehensive study of small glaciers in the Khibiny mountains. We studied dynamics of glaciers over the past 15 years using field observations and the use of GIS and remote sensing methods. In our study, we used aerial photographs of 1958, digital models built on the basis of field measurements, and satellite images for years different in meteorological parameters. Our research shows, despite the slight degradation of glaciation, this tendency is modest and glaciers’ area remains relatively stable. Our research shows that glaciers shrank significantly in the early 2000s and showed a tendency towards complete disappearance. Their area has decreased by more than two times compared to the figures obtained in 1958. This fact may be caused by the increase in snow precipitation through in recent years. After 2007, there has been an increase in snow precipitation. In subsequent years, starting in 2008, the glaciers began to regain their size. Over the past 15 years, the average area of two glaciers (No. 3 and No. 4) exceeds the size of 1958. Glaciers No. 1 and No. 2 have shrinkage.
Rock glacier
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