A Neogene succession in the city centre of Antwerp (Belgium): stratigraphy, palaeontology and geotechnics of the Rubenshuis temporary outcrop
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Abstract:
A temporary outcrop near the “Rubenshuis” in the centre of Antwerp (northern Belgium) facilitated the study of the Neogene glauconitic sand of the Berchem and Kattendijk formations, west and south of their respective stratotype sections. In contrast to the latter sections, the exposed Kiel Member of the Berchem Formation contains a relatively silty interval in its upper part, which is also reflected in Cone Penetration Tests. This silty interval is rich in molluscs, including the subspecies Glossus lunulatus cf. lunulatus and Ennucula haesendoncki haesendoncki, previously unknown from this member. Dinoflagellate cysts indicate that the main body of the Kiel Member was deposited during the middle Burdigalian, while only the upper part was deposited during the late Burdigalian. The Kiel Member is covered by the shell-rich, silty sand of the Langhian Antwerpen Member (Berchem Formation). Both members display soft-sediment deformation structures, probably caused by differences in silt content between and within these units. The Antwerpen Member is incised by the Lower Pliocene Kattendijk Formation, which reduced the thickness of the former to only 1.1 m, compared to 7 m in northeastern Antwerp. As a result, the basal gravel of the Kattendijk Formation contains many fossils reworked from the Antwerpen Member, in addition to autochthonous molluscs and Ditrupa. The Zanclean fauna resembles associations known from the highest part of the Kattendijk Formation in the former Oosterweel outcrop north of Antwerp, while it differs from the fauna of the lowermost Kattendijk Formation near Doel and Kallo. Hence, the palaeontological observations corroborate the regional depositional model of this unit, suggesting that only the youngest gully sequence of the Kattendijk Formation was deposited across the city of Antwerp.Keywords:
Outcrop
Neogene
Lithostratigraphy
Geotechnics
Neogene
Lithostratigraphy
Chronostratigraphy
Geochronology
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Based on the typical profile descriptions and contrast of sandy gravel of Neogene Period in Nanjing vicinity,the sequence relationship of basaltic eruption cycle and sandy grave in Neogene Period,with emphases on the lithostratigraphic sequence of sandy gravel and lithocharacteristics of the sandy gravel in different periods in Neogene Period.The authors suggested an upbuilding of a macro Yuhuatai formation so as to cover all of the sandy gravels of Neogene Period in Nanjing;and an unite nomination of Neogene Basalt to be Fangshan(cycle)basalt.
Neogene
Lithostratigraphy
Sequence (biology)
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The Neogene deposits of the Polish Lowlands, mostly continental, occur in form of replicating complexes of clays, sands and gravels with consequent lignite benches, frequently thick ones. Lithological setting was a base of stratigraphy of these deposits during more than 100 years. The new summary of the results of lithostratigraphical works, correlation of the Neogene chrono- and lithostratigraphical units on the Polish Lowlands and adjacent areas have been presented in this paper. Fourteen pollen-spore zones (I-XIV), characterizing all the lithostratigraphical units, have been also established.
Neogene
Lithostratigraphy
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Previous studies have shown that the Kasterlee Formation occurs as far south as the hilltops of Heist-op-den-Berg and Beerzel in the south of the province of Antwerp. In fragmentary outcrops on these hills, a clear threefold subdivision can be recognized. In the current study, a large temporary outcrop on the Heist-op-den-Berg hill was studied, providing a unique view into the small-scale vertical and lateral variations in the Kasterlee Formation. Based on field observations, grain size analyses and mineralogy, the characteristics of the three units could be clearly defined. Cone penetration test logs show that these units can also be traced further north in the basin. As the three units can be easily identified based on the parameters provided in this paper and as they occur over a wide area, it is proposed to introduce them as formal members of the clayey Kasterlee unit. The observations made in this outcrop also allowed to refine the paleogeographic model of the Kasterlee Formation, with deposition of sand-clay alternations in restricted lagoons, separated from the marine environment by a coastal barrier, during an overall regression. Coastal barrier deposits are found in the south and northwest, but in the northeast only deposition in restricted lagoons occurred.
Outcrop
Lithostratigraphy
Palaeogeography
Deposition
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