Enhanced methane oxidation efficiency by digestate biochar in landfill cover soil: Microbial shifts and carbon metabolites insights
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dBc
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Carbon fibers
Abstract Microbial methane oxidation rates in ocean and freshwater systems reveal how much of emitted methane from the sediments is oxidized to CO 2 and how much can reach the atmosphere directly. The tracer‐method using 3 H‐CH 4 provides a way to measure methane oxidation rates even in water with low methane concentrations. We assessed this method by implementing several experiments, collecting data from various environments, and including recent literature concerning the method to identify any uncertainties that should be considered. Our assessment reveals some difficulties of the method but also reassures previous assumptions to be correct. Some of the difficulties are hardly to be avoided, such as incubating all samples at the right in situ temperature or limiting the variability of methane oxidation rate measurements in water of low methanotrophic activity. Other details, for example, quickly measuring the total radioactivity after stopping the incubation, are easy to adapt in each laboratory. And yet other details as shaking during incubation and bottle size seem to be irrelevant. With our study, we hope to improve and to encourage future measurements of methane oxidation rates in different environments and to provide a standard procedure of methane oxidation rate measurements to make the data better comparable.
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Atmospheric methane
Carbon fibers
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Concomitant radiotracer measurements were made of in situ rates of sulfate reduction and anaerobic methane oxidation in 2–3‐m‐long sediment cores. Methane accumulated to high concentrations (>1 mM CH 4 ) only below the sulfate zone, at 1 m or deeper in the sediment. Sulfate reduction showed a broad maximum below the sediment surface and a smaller, narrow maximum at the sulfate‐methane transition. Methane oxidation was low (0.002–0.1 nmol CH 4 cm −3 d −1 ) throughout the sulfate zone and showed a sharp maximum at the sulfate‐methane transition, coinciding with the sulfate reduction maximum. Total anaerobic methane oxidation at two stations was 0.83 and 1.16 mmol CH 4 m −2 d −1 , of which 96% was confined to the sulfate‐methane transition. All the methane that was calculated to diffuse up into the sulfate‐methane transition was oxidized in this zone. The methane oxidation was equivalent to 10% of the electron donor requirement for the total measured sulfate reduction. A third station showed high sulfate concentrations at all depths sampled and the total methane oxidation was only 0.013 mmol m −2 d −1 . From direct measurements of rates, concentration gradients, and diffusion coefficients, simple calculations were made of sulfate and methane fluxes and of methane production rates.
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