The return of the Iváň Canyon, a large Neogene canyon in the Alpine-Carpathian Foredeep
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Neogene
Bedrock
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Abundant, generally well preserved radiolarians were used in a stratigraphic analysis of the Neogene sequence of ODP Leg 119, Site 745. Detailed biostratigraphic analysis has been undertaken of radiolarian assemblages of the Pliocene-Pleistocene sequence. Seventy-seven radiolarian taxa were identified including three reworked forms. Twenty-one stratigraphically important species are described and illustrated from this 99.55 m long core, and allow the recognition of four radiolarian zones, i.e., Phi, Chi, Psi and Omega (from oldest to youngest) and the Plio-Pleistocene boundary. These are then correlated with the earlier established zones and boundary in the Southern Ocean.
Neogene
Sequence (biology)
Radiolaria
Plio-Pleistocene
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Neogene
Magnetostratigraphy
Chronostratigraphy
Micropaleontology
Biochronology
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The Oak Ridges Moraine in southern Ontario is a poly- genetic moraine constructed of a number of coalesced deposits of gla- cifluvial and glacilacustrine origin. A detailed study of the facies ar- chitecture has been completed on a series of pit sections extending ; 300 m subparallel to the paleoflow direction. Eight major lithofacies and five facies associations have been described. These data have been interpreted to be upper-flow-regime hyperconcentrated-flood-flow de- posits emplaced under a regime of rapid flow expansion and loss of transport capacity within a plane-wall jet with an associated hydraulic jump. Deposition from the plane-wall jet with jump occurred in three zones of flow transformation: zone of flow establishment, transition zone, and zone of established flow. Massive gravels with unconsolidated sand intraclasts and open-work gravel / gravel-sand couplets were de- posited in the zone of flow establishment by hyperconcentrated and supercritical flows, respectively. Immediately downflow low-angle cross-stratified sand incised by steep-walled scours infilled by diffusely graded sand define the transition zone, the zone of maximum vortex erosion, and the distal limit of deposits emplaced under upper-flow- regime conditions. These strata record rapid bed aggradation from sediment-laden supercritical flows that episodically were scoured by large vortices generated within migrating hydraulic jumps. Strati- graphically upward and downflow strata consist only of lower-flow- regime sedimentary structures. Medium-scale, planar cross-strata and small-scale cross-lamination related to migrating 2-D dunes and cur- rent ripples, respectively, characterize the zone of established flow. The facies and sediment architecture suggest that this fan was deposited during a relatively short period of time (days, weeks) by energetic sed- iment-laden floods.
Hyperconcentrated flow
Hydraulic jump
Debris flow
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Caldera
Alluvial fan
Bedrock
Aggradation
Landform
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Most basins of Greece were filled with thick Neogene-Quaternary continental deposits, which include a large number of mammal fossiliferous sites. The investigations of the last 40 years in the various basins of Greece led to the discovery of many new fossiliferous sites. The extensive, long time and continuous excavations in the new fossiliferous sites as well as in the previously known ones - like the classical localities of Axios Valley, Pikermi and Samos Island - provided numerous fossils enriching remarkably the Greek fossil mammal record. The systematic study of these collections provided numerous data for their biochronology. Further magnetostratigraphic, radiometric or other methods of absolute chronology provided additional chronological data for the mammal faunas and the corresponding deposits. The correlation of all these data allowed the biostratigraphic classification of the continental Neogene Quaternary deposits of Greece which is given in the biostratigraphic tables of the present article. From these tables it is clear that for some time-intervals (Late Miocene, Early Pleistocene) the data are abundant allowing a detailed biostratigraphy, but for some others (Early- Middle Miocene, Pliocene, and for some time-spans of Early Pleistocene) the data are imited or missing and cannot allow an accurate and complete biostratigraphy.
Neogene
Biochronology
Chronostratigraphy
Magnetostratigraphy
Mammal
Radiometric dating
Chronology
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Outwash plain
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