TWO EROSION SYSTEMS IN THE RIVER BASINS OF THE EARTH'S PLAINS AND THEIR MUTUAL TRANSFORMATION (PART I)
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The investigations of erosion in various landscape zones of the Earth's plains prove the existence of two basic systems of erosion: the channel and the basin ones. The principle distinctions of these systems show itself in structure of erosion processes and accumulation of their products, in hydrological regime of rivers, in character of dependence of specific suspended sediment yield on river basin area, in structure and thickness of alluvium, in relation between alluvium and slope sediments, in dynamics of river channels, in some features of river valleys morphology, in degree of preservation of relic landforms in the river basin, in general tendency of relief development (valley partition or planation), in intensity of sediment accumulation within the river channels and the flood-plains, ponds, and reservoir, etc. The present river channel system of erosion is divided into two subsystems: one of humid and semi-humid moderate latitudes and one of humid and semi-humid tropical and equatorial latitudes. The present basin system of erosion is also divided into two subsystems: anthropogenic one and natural (semi-desert, savanna, and sub-arctic zones) one.Keywords:
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