Deep‐sea wooden shipwrecks influence sediment microbiome diversity
Justyna J. HampelRachel D. MoseleyRachel L. MuggeAnirban RayMelanie DamourDouglas JonesLeila J. Hamdan
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Abstract Historic shipwrecks function as habitats for benthic organisms by providing food, refuge, and structure. They also form islands of biodiversity on the seabed, shaping microbial ecology and ecosystem processes. This study examined two wooden deep‐sea shipwrecks at 525 and 1800 m water depth and probed their influence on sediment microbiomes and geochemistry. Microbiomes were investigated with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing along 60 m transects extending in four directions from the hulls of the shipwrecks. Distance from shipwrecks and sediment depth both shaped microbiome structure. Archaeal alpha diversity was significantly and positively correlated with proximity to the deeper shipwreck while bacterial diversity was not to either. Archaeal community structure differed at both sites; the deeper site had a higher proportion of Bathyarchaeia and Lokiarchaeia proximate to shipwreck compared to the shallow location. Major bacterial communities were consistent at both sites, however, at the deeper site had higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Desulfofarculales, and Desulfobacteriales. Core microbiome and differential abundance analyses revealed unique taxa nearest the shipwrecks compared to the surrounding seabed including organoheterotrophs, and cellulolytic and sulfur cycling taxa. Sediment carbon content influenced microbiome structure near the shipwrecks (5–10 m). We show that shipwrecks have a distinct sediment microbiome and form unique habitat patches on seabed, resembling those surrounding organic falls. The shipwreck influence was more pronounced at the deeper site, further from terrestrial influences signaling shipwrecks may be a significant source of organic matter in far‐shore oligotrophic settings.Keywords:
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We investigated the spring and summer community structure of meiobenthos in a tidal-falt near Iwon, Korea, in 2002 and 2003. In total, 12 meiofaunal groups were found in the study area among which nematodes were the most dominant. Benthic foraminiferans, harpacticoid copepods, polychaetes, and crustacean nauplli were also dominant groups at all sites. The total density of meiobenthos at each station was be 246-2,177 ind./$10cm^2$ . As the depth of sediment increased, the density of meiobenthos at each station gradually decreased. Changes in the vertical distribution of meiobenthos in the study area occurred mainly near the sediment surface (0-1 cm). Generally, between spring and summer the density of nematodes increased, and the density of other dominant meiofaunal groups (benthic harpacticoids, crustacean nauplii, benthic foraminiferans) decreased near the sediment trap the control site of sediment traps compared to that at the control site. The results of cluster and multidimensional scaling plots indicate that the meiofaunal community changed following construction of a low artificial wood groin structure.
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The benthic communities of streams contain invertebrates of a wide range of body size and from many taxa. Owing mainly to methodological problems, however, the contribution of smaller and more obscure metazoans to community structure and dynamics, including production, is poorly known compared with that of larger size fractions and, particularly, insects and macrocrustaceans. Based on a monthly survey of a first-order, acidic English stream, we used the size- frequency method to estimate annual production of the whole metazoan benthos (down to organisms retained on a 42- µm mesh and being as taxonomically inclusive as possible). Mean total secondary production (5.22 g dry weight m−2 yr−1) was low, presumably mainly due to the stream's acidity. About 15% (0.76 g m−2 yr−1) of this total production, however, was contributed by the permanent meiofauna (species always small enough to pass through a 500- µm mesh, and mainly made up of ostracods and copepods but also including rotifers, microturbellarians, and others). By estimating separately production from the macrofaunal and meiofaunal net fractions (500 µm and 42-500 µm, respectively), we found that about 51% of total production could be accounted for by the permanent and temporary meiofauna together, the latter being defined as organisms that potentially grow into the macrofaunal size class and here consisting primarily of oligochaetes, chironomids, and plecopterans. This study points to the potentially substantial underestimation of production arising from the problems of assessing the meiofauna, including the former use of coarse-meshed (e.g., 500 µm) sampling devices, the requirement for live sorting of many soft-bodied taxa, and other difficulties of counting and identifying less well known groups.
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Abstract In the framework of a benthic flows study in suboxic environments, the relationships between macro- and meiobenthic community structure were investigated. Experiments were performed using benthic chambers in the Rapallo Harbour (Eastern Ligurian Sea) in autumn 1996. A relatively rich and diversified macrobenthic community (45 species) was found. Macrobenthos (> 1 mm) was characterized by high densities of highly tolerant species, typical of fluctuating and organically enriched environments, such as the bivalve, Corbula gibba, and capitellid polychaetes. By contrast, bivalve juveniles (Lucinella divaricata) dominated the 0.5–1mm macrofauna. Metazoan meiofauna was mostly composed of nematodes (71% of the total density) but also characterized by relatively high density of temporary meiofauna. in contrast with most benthic studies on more oligotrophic environments, benthic metabolism in sediments characterized by high organic contents was clearly dominated by the microbial component that accounted alone for about 98.7% of the total oxygen consumption.
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MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 396:181-195 (2009) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08408 Dynamics of benthic copepods and other meiofauna in the benthic boundary layer of the deep NW Mediterranean Sea L. D. Guidi-Guilvard1,2,*, D. Thistle3, A. Khripounoff4, S. Gasparini1,2 1CNRS, and 2Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06234 Villefranche/Mer, France 3Department of Oceanography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4320, USA 4IFREMER centre de Brest, Laboratoire Environnement Profond, 29280 Plouzané, France *Email: laurence.guidi@obs-vlfr.fr ABSTRACT: A continuous high-resolution time-series survey of the hyperbenthic community and local environmental conditions was conducted in the benthic boundary layer (BBL) of the DYFAMED-BENTHOS station (43°24.61'N, 7°51.67'E at 2347 m depth in the NW Mediterranean) between January 1996 and April 1998 using bottom-moored sediment traps and a current meter. Sediment traps were set 4 m above the bottom. Hyperbenthos was collected as 'swimmers', i.e. those organisms that are alive when they enter the traps but are not part of the particle flux. Identification of these organisms showed that ~90% were meiobenthic. Copepods dominated and comprised on average 75% of total swimmers. They were followed by nauplii (12%), annelids (7.8%), nematodes and bivalves (1.8% each), ostracods, isopods, and amphipods (1.2% altogether). Of the 3930 copepods examined, 4% were calanoids, 15% were harpacticoids and 81% were cyclopoids. Among the non-calanoid copepods, 25 species or groups of species were distinguished. Two benthic copepod species outnumbered all others: the cyclopinid genus Barathricola represented 90% of the cyclopoids, and the tisbid genus Tisbe represented 57% of the harpacticoids. Temporal variations, both intra- and interannual, in swimmer fluxes were high (26 to 361 ind. m–2 d–1), but not all groups/taxa/species were equally affected. Statistical analyses showed that these variations were the result of variability in both physical (near-bottom current) and trophic (particle flux) environmental factors. Organisms had both immediate and delayed responses, which involved passive (i.e. erosion, suspension) and active (i.e. emergence) reactions, as well as population growth. Most of the dispersal mechanisms previously reported for shallow-water benthic organisms were encountered, denoting the remarkable similarities in the general processes between coastal and deep-sea environments. KEY WORDS: Deep sea · Swimmers · Hyperbenthos · Benthic storms · Resuspension · Emergence · Population growth · Biodiversity Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Guidi-Guilvard LD, Thistle D, Khripounoff A, Gasparini S (2009) Dynamics of benthic copepods and other meiofauna in the benthic boundary layer of the deep NW Mediterranean Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 396:181-195. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08408Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 396. Online publication date: December 09, 2009 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2009 Inter-Research.
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