Determination and formation mechanism of the Luzhou paleo-uplift in the southeastern Sichuan Basin
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The Cretaceous System in the Sichuan Basin includes 2 tectonic sequences,each of which can be further divided by the maximum flood surface into a sedimentary sequence representing basin expansion period and one representing basin contraction period.Using sedimentary sequences as mapping units,we constructed four Cretaceous litho-paleogeographic maps of the Sichuan Basin,and discussed the characteristics of Cretaceous paleogeography and basin evolution of the Sichuan Basin.Our analysis shows that during the Early Cretaceous(TS1 period) sedimentation occurred along the Longmenshan Mountain in the direction of NE-SW,and was dominated by alluvial fan,alluvial plain,and lacustrine facies.During the Late Cretaceous(TS2 period),due to third episode of the Yanshan orogeny,the distribution of sedimentary pattern was changed to follow a NW-SE diretion,and sedimentation was dominated by alluvial fan and salt lake,gravel desert and desert facies.The two main depositional systems during the Cretaceous Period were alluvial fan-fluvial-lacustrine system and alluvial fan-fan delta-salt lake-river system.The development and distribution of Cretaceous tectonic sequences and litho-paleogeography of the Sichuan Basin were controlled by tectonic activities.
Alluvial fan
Red beds
Orogeny
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Using the data of drilling and seismic prospecting,outcropping sedimentary facies observation and description,the authors recognize 4 unconformities and erosion hiatus surfaces,2 maximum flooding surfaces within the Cretaceous-Tertiary in Sichuan Basin of China.Further more,they divide the Cretaceous-Tertiary into 4 tectonic sequences and 6 sequences.The characteristics of the Cretaceous-Tertiary sedimentary framework and evolution are studied by tectonic sequence units.The study shows that from the earlier Early Cretaceous,Sichuan Basin has been effected by multi-times thrust nappes and tectonic emplacements of the periphery structure mountain system.Especially,the strongly squeezing action from southeast to northwest in the fault-fold belt of the southeast of Sichuan Basin has made the basin recession towards northwest and shrink from north to south and the sedimentary basin gradually to atrophy and die out,and finally the sedimentary history of the Sichuan foreland basin ended.In the early period(Early Cretaceous),the basin was opening and the southwest of Sichuan Basin was connected to the Xichang basin by channels.Later(the Late Cretaceous to the Tertiary period),the channels closed gradually,the basin sedimentary of an inland,dry and enclosed saline lakes appeared,and this has the sedimentary characteristics of an intramontane basin.
Paleogene
Sequence Stratigraphy
Pull apart basin
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Basement
Orogeny
Passive margin
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The relationships between Huanan uplift and its surrounding basins,such as Sanjiang Basin,Hulin Basin,Boli Basin,Jixi Basin,Shuangyashan Basin and Shuanghua Basin,are playing an important role in the regional oil and gas resources exploration and development.The researches of regio-nal stratigraphic correlation,marine fossils,basin boundary faults and geophysical MT profile suggest that these basins experienced the same evolution,and underwent one or more transgressions during Chengzihe and Muling Formations.The present basin boundary thrust faults and geophysical MT profiles crossing the basins and Huanan-uplift show that the present isolated basins belonged to a large-scale epicontinental offshore basin(Sanjiang-Muling Basin) during the period of Chengzihe and Muling Formations.Meanwhile,the Huanan uplift did not develop.Base on the directions of paleocurrent,sandstone provenance analysis and gravel composition statistics,it reveals that Huanan uplift were uplifted after the depositing of Dongshan Formation,and supplied the sediments for the surrounding basins during the period of Houshigou Formation,and the present basin-range topography appeared in the northeastern Heilongjiang Province.
Paleocurrent
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Abstract The deepening understanding of the geological structure of large paleo-uplift in the basin is often accompanied by important oil and gas exploration discoveries. The abundant oil and gas exploration results in the early stage show that the luzhou paleo-uplift is one of the important petroleum accumulation structural units in the sichuan basin. At the same time, the formation and evolution of luzhou ancient uplift were also affected by a variety of geological factors. It is a joint response of the internal deformation of the Yangtze plate and the orogenic movement of the peripheral block in the indosinian period, and a natural place to study the basin-mountain coupling relationship and the basin superposition transformation process. By means of a large number of seismic reflection profile and drilling data, combined with field exploration and other data, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of luzhou ancient uplift are described in detail. Combined with the tectonic background of the study area, the formation of luzhou ancient uplift was further analyzed, and the genetic mechanism model of luzhou ancient uplift was proposed. Through analysis, it is concluded that the indosinian luzhou ancient uplift developed in the southeast of sichuan basin, and its long axial strike is from northeast to southwest, which is a typical compressive and superimposed ancient uplift.
Tectonic uplift
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Aim To determine the Mesozoic northwestern boundary of Junggar Basin.Methods Through the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin Zaire Hill-Halaalate Hill both sides of the sedimentary basin sedimentary characteristics,sedimentary filling process and Paleo-current restoration studies.Results Northwestern margin of Junggar Basin since the Mesozoic,in Zaire Hill-Halaalate Hill both sides of the basin have different sedimentary characteristics,sedimentary filling process and the ancient Paleo-current patterns,and Heshituoluogai basin has an independent sedimentary system and the Paleo-current patterns.Conclusion Early Mesozoic northwestern Junggar basin is located at the border of Zaire Hill-Halaalate Hill and Heshituoluogai basin is an independent fault basin which developed in the Paleozoic fold above basal at the Triassic-Middle Jurassic.Since the Cretaceous period,Heshituoluogai basin and Junggar Basin have covered together into a unified development of depression basin,the basin boundary is located on the north side of the Heshituoluogai basin.
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The Lianglitage Formation (also named Lianglitag Formation) is an important hydrocarbon reservoir in the Tarim Basin; the reef and shoal facies of this formation have previously been extensively investigated. The paleokarst of the formation related to a tectonic unconformity at the top of the Ordovician (Tg5) has, however, not been widely investigated. In this paper, we undertake a comprehensive study of the paleokarst by an integrated analysis of seismic data, well‐logging data, and core data. Several geomorphologic units that formed at the end of the Ordovician period are identified, including a fault‐thrust uplift high, inter‐uplifts sag, uplift platform, and fault‐thrust anticline; these units are controlled by west–east and northwest–southeast striking faults. The thickness of erosion is estimated to be 200 to 700 meters. The paleokarst is characterized by large and small caves, dense vugs, and dissolution fractures. Large caves predominantly developed in exposed areas and on the slopes. Dense vugs and small caves, features that contribute to premium hydrocarbon reservoirs, are generally tens of meters away from the unconformity, whereas dissolution fractures, predominantly filled by mud and silts, are situated in close proximity to the unconformity and faults. Four karst zones can be identified from vertical profiles: weathered crust (1–2 m thick), vertical infiltration zone (tens of meters thick), phreatic zone (tens to hundreds of meters thick), and a bottom zone that is largely unaffected by karstification. The karst of the Lianglitage Formation at the end of the Ordovician was mainly controlled by tectonic movement, paleogeomorphology, lithofacies, faults, and fractures. The karstification process is summarized in a karst model.
Hydrocarbon exploration
Anticline
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The Chepaizi-Mosuowan paleo-uplift is a large-scale uplift stretching across the Junggar Basin formed during the Yanshanian. It has experienced four evolutionary stages: the initial forming stage (J1), the intense development stage (J2+3), the waning and burial stage (K-E), and the tilting and extinction stage (N-Q). The most intense period of activities is the Middle Jurassic. Dur-ing the Early Jurassic, the Chepaizi-Mosuowan paleo-structure was a low amplitude uplift. Because of the subsequent strong uplifting during Middle-Late Jurassic, the Middle and Upper Jurassic were eroded. With the evolution of the Chepaizi-Mosuowan paleo-uplift, the sedimentary pattern of the basin changed, and the paleo-uplift separated the northern depositional systems from those in the south side. As a result, the basin tectonics controlled the distribution and evolution of the depositional systems. During Early Jurassic, while the paleo-uplift was low, its controlling effect on depositional systems was limited and sediments coming from the northwest could reach the central and southern parts of the basin. With the strong uplifting of the Chepaizi-Mosuowan paleo-structure during Middle-Late Jurassic, sediments from the northwest provenance could only deposit in the northern graben of the paleo-uplift. The intense erosion of the Middle-Upper Jurassic also changed the former sedimentary center of the basin into a source area, supplying sediments for grabens on both sides of the paleo-uplift. In the Cretaceous, regional subsidence caused the paleo-uplift to be buried again and subsequently sediments accumulated on top of it. The depositional facies are dominated by fluvial in the Early Cretaceous and shallow lacustrine to deltaic in the Late Cretaceous. In the history of the long-lasting development of this paleo-uplift, large-scale erosions of the paleohigh not only provided sufficient sediments to the center of the Junggar Basin, but also created favorable conditions for the formation of various subtle traps such as lithologic and stratigraphic traps.
Tectonic uplift
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