Partitioning resilience of a marine foundation species into resistance and recovery trajectories
Fernando TuyaYolanda Fernández‐TorquemadaYoana Del‐Pilar‐RusoFernando EspinoPablo ManentLeticia CurbeloFrancisco Otero‐FerrerJose Antonio de la OssaLaura RoyoLaura AntichInés Castejón‐SilvoJulia Máñez-CrespoÁngel Mateo‐RamírezGabriele ProcacciniCandela Marco-MéndezJorge TerradosFiona Tomàs
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Keywords:
Posidonia oceanica
Posidonia oceanica
Paracentrotus lividus
Epiphyte
Diplodus
Zostera marina
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在中国的 Seagrass 研究仍然在它的幼年期。尽管最近有进步，仍然有很多研究，需要获得 seagrass 的更好的理解。在这篇文章，我们从二个方面在中国在 seagrass 研究考察并且讨论进展：(1 ) seagrass 种类和他们的分发；(2 ) 在中国的 seagrass 研究包括他们的分类上的研究，生态学，光合作用，在水产业的应用，咸忍耐的机制和其它研究话题。属于 8 个类的 18 seagrass 种类的一个总数在中国(包括的香港和台湾) 在九个省和区域被散布，以及 Xisha 和 Nansha 群岛。他们能被划分成二个组：一个诺思中国组和一个华南组。基于 seagrass 分发，中国大陆海岸能被划分成三节：诺思中国 Seagrass 海岸，中间的中国 Seagrass 海岸，和华南 Seagrass 海岸。生态的研究在山东，广东， Guangxi，和海南的关键区域在 seagrass 社区，在 seagrass 生态系统骑车的营养素，基因差异，污染生态学和研究上包括研究。在关键区域的 Seagrass 种类和他们的地点，社区结构，生态的评估，附生植物，生态的功能和威胁也被总结。另外的研究集中了于 seagrass，中国的威胁的 seagrass 种类，和 Halophila ovalis 的花粉形态学的遥感。关键词 seagrass - seagrass 草地 - 海洋的生态系统 n ] Guangxi 科学基础(号码 0832030 ) 支持的中国， Guangxi 大学(2008 ) 的科学研究资金， UNDP/GEF/SCCBD 工程(SCCBD/CPR/02/31 ) 和 Guangxi 给实验室资金(号码 07109007 ) 调音
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Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile is the most widespread seagrass in the Mediterranean Sea. It plays an important role in ecosystems of shallow coastal waters in several ways. Experimental evaluations about the impact of anchors of sea vessels have previously shown that each anchoring can on average damage up to six shoots of Posidonia oceanica, removing small amount of biomass and, at the same time, interrupting continuity among shoots [1]. When the density of P.oceanica meadows is decreased and their state of being well is damaged, the stability of the environment is ruined and loss of habitat occurs. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of boat anchoring on P. oceanica seagrass beds on Gokova SPA between 2005-2006.
Posidonia oceanica
Potamogetonaceae
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Posidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) Delile 1813 is an endemic and the most widespread seagrass species of the
Mediterranean Sea. Seagrass meadows are one of the most productive ecosystems on Earth, providing habitat to
numerous organisms. Therefore, mapping of seagrass meadows is of crucial importance for conservation and
coastal management purposes. Here we present an integrated geographic information system approach with
SCUBA diving, providing a cost effective method to monitor seagrass beds at shallow coastal habitats. In this
case study P. oceanica meadows were mapped in Ufakdere region of Kaş (Antalya) coastal area between April
– September 2015. A total of 25000 m2
are were screened to create seagrass coverage maps. Results indicate that
P. oceanica meadows cover 21200 m2
and we estimated that 520 m2 of this area is highly damaged. This
integrated approach provided one of the most detailed small-scale Posidonia mapping in Turkey and this time
and cost effective methodology can be applied to any seagrass meadow with great ease to increase our knowledge
on this important habitat.
Posidonia oceanica
Scuba diving
Marine protected area
Marine ecosystem
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Since the seagrass Posidonia oceanica is highly sensitive to environmental changes, a monitoring of the physiognomy, phenology and lepidochronology of the meadows was conducted during 2015-2020 at Tremiti Islands Marine Protected Area (Adriatic Sea). The meadow resulted stressed where anthropogenic disturbances occurred, while the implementation of proper management measures proved to trigger the recovery of the habitat. Our results underlined the importance of P. oceanica as a biological indicator to monitor human activities at local scale.
Posidonia oceanica
Marine protected area
Potamogetonaceae
Marine habitats
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Seagrass meadows are vital coastal habitats that support a wide array of species and provide numerous ecosystem services. The area of seagrass meadow has declined significantly, at a rate of about 5% per year, since 1980. Emerging techniques for seagrass research has the potential to provide new insights to fill knowledge gaps and improve our understanding of seagrass ecological function and ecosystem services. This improved understanding will help us to inform policy makers about protection measures. Using Posidonia oceanica dominated habitats as a case study, this thesis assesses emerging techniques for mapping seagrass habitats, monitoring biodiversity with seagrass habitats and assessing microplastic pollution loads within seagrass sediments.
Kayak-borne down-scan sonar is shown to provide an accurate and cost-effective method for mapping the distribution of seagrass meadows. Sonar-derived data suggested current estimates of seagrass extent in the Aegean, based on analysis of satellite imagery, may contain considerable inaccuracies particularly in areas of complex bathymetry. It is suggested that kayak-borne sonar mapping can provide accurate reference data for larger scale satellite mapping, delivering benefits in terms of our ability to survey seagrass distribution and monitor temporal changes in extent and health.
Environmental DNA is proven to be an effective tool for the non invasive detection of, Pinna nobilis, a culturally important yet Critically Endangered bivalve species associated with P. oceanica habitats. The technique developed in this study is capable of detecting concentrations of DNA as low as 5.50 x 10-10 ng µl-1 from sea water samples. This technique can be used at different spatial scales dependent on the season, allowing eDNA to be a sensitive and precise tool in locating and identifying a key species inhabiting seagrass meadows.
A fine-scale analysis of microplastic distribution within the sediment under a seagrass meadow using recently developed Sediment Microplastic Isolation techniques, indicated that seagrass did not influence the deposition of microplastics to sediment at a semi isolated bay. Microplastics were recovered at relatively low densities across the entire study area. Analysis of sediment patterns suggested that most sediment input was from terrestrial sources immediately adjacent to the seagrass bed and, therefore, that seagrass beds that are closer to terrestrial sources of microplastic pollution are likely to show much greater microplastic loadings.
It is concluded that, emerging techniques such as down-scan sonar, eDNA and microplastic extraction can provide novel insights into the distribution and ecological functioning of seagrass habitats. These insights provide avenues for the development of existing monitoring methods and for conservation policies.
Posidonia oceanica
Marine habitats
Marine protected area
Marine ecosystem
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