Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks of the northeastern North China Craton: Constraints from elemental and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope geochemistry
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Petrogenesis
Fractional crystallization (geology)
Radiogenic nuclide
Isotope Geochemistry
Metasomatism
Volcanic belt
A mathematical model of infiltrational and diffusional metasomatism, based on equations of the balance of substance and kinetics of the accompanying reactions between the solutes and the rocks, shows that a system of mineralogically different metasomatic zones develops during filtration and diffusion of hydrothermal solutions; in the infiltrational metasomatism, if the reactions are rapid, the interzonal boundaries are strikingly definite, but no such definite boundaries can be developed in the diffusional metasomatism. V.P. Sokoloff.
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Magmatic volatiles are critically important in the petrogenesis of igneous rocks but their inherent transience hampers the identification of their role in magmatic and metasomatic processes. For example, while the role of magmatic volatiles in porphyry copper systems is relatively well understood, the behavior of volatiles and metasomatic fluids in mantle and crustal magmatic-hydrothermal systems remains a work in progress. Alkaline-carbonatite complexes usually originate from the mantle and typically host REE deposits which are thought to be almost always of a hydrothermal origin. The question thus arises as to the origin of the REE and fluids and if the alkaline and carbonatite magmas are accompanied by fluids from the mantle up and through the crust. This study presents the results of whole rock trace elements and Sm–Nd isotopes analyses of clinopyroxenites, melteigites, ijolites, melanosyenites, leucosyenites, granites, silicocarbonatites, magnesiocarbonatites, calciocarbonatites, ferrocarbonatites and polygenic breccias from the 1894 Ma Paleoproterozoic alkaline-carbonatite complex of Montviel, Abitibi, Canada. The metasomatic rocks range in REE concentrations from 100 ppm to 3.54 wt.% and show εNd values ranging from + 6.8 to − 7.2. Based on these results it is demonstrated that volatile-saturated magmas at Montviel were injected through 4 distinct mantle pulses which evolved by fractional crystallization, mixing of depleted mantle and crustal fluids and metasomatism.
Metasomatism
Carbonatite
Fractional crystallization (geology)
Trace element
Petrogenesis
Incompatible element
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Nickel sulfide
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Radiogenic nuclide
Thematic map
Isotope Geochemistry
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Radiogenic nuclide
Fractional crystallization (geology)
Assimilation (phonology)
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Fractional crystallization (geology)
Volcanic belt
Igneous differentiation
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Metasomatism
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Metasomatism is considered as a group of various replacement phenomena - the effect of pore fluids and surface energy at the solid-fluid interface. Various types of metasomatism are identified, dependent on the volume of equilibrium mineral-forming systems and types of equilibrium, distance of mass-exchange, stage nature of the metasomatic process, energy of the active fluid, relationship between metasomatism and other types of replacement, and its molecular mechanism. The physicochemical types and elements of molecular physics and the kinetics of metasomatism are discussed. -- Author.
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