Tertiary vegetation and depositional environments of the Bilina delta in the North-Bohemian brown-coal basin
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This volume includes nine field trip guides that explore geological history and visit four regional geologic provinces—Blue Ridge, Valley and Ridge, Cumberland Plateau, and the Nashville dome. Two guides focus on the Cumberland Plateau structure and hydrology. Two explore aspects of the Nashville dome, including Mississippian Waulsortian mounds and meso-scale structural deformation. Various aspects of the Valley and Ridge are visited on three trips, including the 1925 Scopes trial in Dayton, Tennessee, structural aspects of the Sequatchie Valley, and regional Silurian Red Mountain/Rockwood stratigraphy. Two field trips explore features of the Blue Ridge province—one investigates southernmost Appalachian exposures of metamorphosed lower Paleozoic rock, and another focuses on the Appalachian geomorphological response to uplift during the late Cenozoic.
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Coal microlithotypes in seams from the Permian Gidgealpa Group in the Patchawarra Trough of the Cooper Basin are related to the depositional environments prevailing at the time of peat accumulation. Formations which include more than one depositional environment contain coals whose microlithotypes are concentrated into a corresponding number of groups. Using petrographic analyses, coals which accumulated in a large lake environment can be distinguished from those of the: (i) lower coastal plain, (ii) area dominated by coal swamps. Channel belt coals can be distinguished from those of the: (i) lower coastal plain, (ii) upper coastal plain, (iii) area dominated by coal swamps. Lower coastal plain coals can be differentiated from those of the upper coastal plain.
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A comparative geomorphic analysis between Carboniferous coal beds and associated sediments from the Appalachian basin of southern West Virginia, USA, and Holocene domed peat deposits and associated sediments from the central Sarawak lowlands, East Malaysia, was conducted to determine similarities and/or differences in geometry and distribution patterns. The depositional environments of the sediments in the ancient setting were interpreted and the paleogeography of several coal bed horizons in the Pocahontas and New River Formations (Namurian) were reconstructed. These paleogeographic reconstructions were compared to the distribution of present day environments of the Rajang River delta and flanking coastal plain areas. -from Authors
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Facies analysis of the Palaeocene Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation in the northern Powder River Basin provided an understanding of the origin of associated thick coal deposits. Lithostratigraphic synthesis of the lower part of the Tongue River Member recognized coals associated with meander belt and lacustrine–floodplain lithofacies. The meander belt lithofacies is characterized by a high density of closely spaced channel sandstones and abandoned channel deposits, interspersed with subordinate levée deposits. This lithofacies grades laterally and alternates vertically with the lacustrine–floodplain lithofacies that consists of crevasse-splay and crevasse delta–lake deposits. Associated with both of these lithofacies is the backswamp lithofacies that consists of coal beds (as much as 20 m in thickness) and carbonaceous shales. The accumulation of thick coals was controlled by the following interrelated factors: localized aggradation of fluvial channels, subsidence due to basement tectonic control and differential compaction of sediments, length of time of peat accumulation, nature of the backswamp's palaeoflora, and palaeoclimate. These factors were present in an alluvial plain that was situated in an intermontane basin. The alluvial plain contained a north-eastward flowing trunk–tributary system that drained into the Cannonball Sea.
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