Sources of Clasts in Impact Melts
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Abstract— Impact cratering is an important geological process on Mars and the nature of Martian impact craters may provide important information as to the volatile content of the Martian crust. Terrestrial impact structures currently provide the only ground‐truth data as to the role of volatiles and an atmosphere on the impact‐cratering process. Recent advancements, based on studies of several well‐preserved terrestrial craters, have been made regarding the role and effect of volatiles on the impact‐cratering process. Combined field and laboratory studies reveal that impact melting is much more common in volatile‐rich targets than previously thought, so impact‐melt rocks, melt‐bearing breccias, and glasses should be common on Mars. Consideration of the terrestrial impact‐cratering record suggests that it is the presence or absence of subsurface volatiles and not the presence of an atmosphere that largely controls ejecta emplacement on Mars. Furthermore, recent studies at the Haughton and Ries impact structures reveal that there are two discrete episodes of ejecta deposition during the formation of complex impact craters that provide a mechanism for generating multiple layers of ejecta. It is apparent that the relative abundance of volatiles in the near‐surface region outside a transient cavity and in the target rocks within the transient cavity play a key role in controlling the amount of fluidization of Martian ejecta deposits. This study shows the value of using terrestrial analogues, in addition to observational data from robotic orbiters and landers, laboratory experiments, and numerical modeling to explore the Martian impact‐cratering record.
Lithology
Atmosphere of Mars
Breccia
Regolith
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Breccia
Impact structure
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Research Article| February 01, 2012 IMPACT! – BOLIDES, CRATERS, AND CATASTROPHES W. Uwe Reimold; W. Uwe Reimold 1Museum für Naturkunde – Leibniz Institute at Humboldt University BerlinInvalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, GermanyE-mail: uwe.reimold@mfn-berlin.de Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Fred Jourdan Fred Jourdan 2Western Australian Argon Isotope Facility, Department of Applied Geology & JdL Centre, Curtin UniversityGPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, AustraliaE-mail: f.jourdan@curtin.edu.au Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information W. Uwe Reimold 1Museum für Naturkunde – Leibniz Institute at Humboldt University BerlinInvalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, GermanyE-mail: uwe.reimold@mfn-berlin.de Fred Jourdan 2Western Australian Argon Isotope Facility, Department of Applied Geology & JdL Centre, Curtin UniversityGPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, AustraliaE-mail: f.jourdan@curtin.edu.au Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1811-5217 Print ISSN: 1811-5209 © 2012 by the Mineralogical Society of America Elements (2012) 8 (1): 19–24. https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.8.1.19 Article history First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation W. Uwe Reimold, Fred Jourdan; IMPACT! – BOLIDES, CRATERS, AND CATASTROPHES. Elements 2012;; 8 (1): 19–24. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.8.1.19 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyElements Search Advanced Search Abstract It is now universally accepted that the impact of planetesimals, asteroids, and comets has been a fundamental process throughout the Solar System. Catastrophic impact events have been instrumental in developing the early history of the planets and have caused environmental disasters throughout Earth history. A major mass extinction at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary has been confidently related to an impact event (Chicxulub, Mexico). While the study of impact cratering is a multidisciplinary field, mineralogical and geochemical investigations have been central since the beginning, focusing on the nature of impact-generated rocks and of the extraterrestrial projectiles as well as their interaction with geological materials. Chemical and isotopic techniques have allowed the dating of impact events and the identification of traces of meteoritic projectiles in impact-formed rocks on Earth and the Moon. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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