Habitability of Continental Hydrothermally Altered Basaltic Tuff: Environmental Constraints from Pluvial Lake Volcanism in Carson Desert, NV

Research Article| February 01, 1972 Origin of Quaternary Basalts from the Black Rock Desert Region, Utah KENT C CONDIE; KENT C CONDIE Department of Geosciences, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar C. K BARSKY C. K BARSKY Department of Earth Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information KENT C CONDIE Department of Geosciences, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801 C. K BARSKY Department of Earth Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 03 Mar 1971 Revision Received: 19 Jul 1971 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2674 Print ISSN: 0016-7606 Copyright © 1972, The Geological Society of America, Inc. Copyright is not claimed on any material prepared by U.S. government employees within the scope of their employment. GSA Bulletin (1972) 83 (2): 333–352. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[333:OOQBFT]2.0.CO;2 Article history Received: 03 Mar 1971 Revision Received: 19 Jul 1971 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation KENT C CONDIE, C. K BARSKY; Origin of Quaternary Basalts from the Black Rock Desert Region, Utah. GSA Bulletin 1972;; 83 (2): 333–352. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[333:OOQBFT]2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract Known relative age relations and element distributions in Quaternary high-alumina and tholeiitic basalts from the Black Rock Desert region in Utah are adequate to identify both long-term (~ 106 yrs) and short-term (≲ 103 yrs) geochemical trends. One major long-term trend is a decrease in Sr from the oldest to the youngest basalts. Sr distribution coefficients determined from plagioclase phenocryst-ground-mass pairs suggest an origin for this decrease involving removal of about 40 percent plagioclase by fractional crystallization. Progressive increases in K, Rb, and REE, and approximate constancy of most major and some trace elements over this range indicate in addition to removal of plagioclase, removal of small amounts (~ 7 percent) of olivine, orthopyroxene, and Fe-Ti oxides, and also contamination of the magmas with about 10 percent of Sr-poor granitic rock. More than enough heat is available from the latent heats of crystallization to melt this amount of contaminant. A model is proposed in which primary olivine tholeiite magmas are initially collected in deep (15 to 35 km) crustal chambers and receive small additions of mantle-derived magmas as they move upward in the crust and undergo extensive fractional crystallization and minor contamination over the last million years.Short-term, time-dependent geochemical trends occur in the flows of the youngest volcanic field (the Ice Spring field). These trends show increasing Fe, Ca, Zn, Cu, Ti, Mn, and Sr and decreasing Si, Ni, Co, Mg, Na, K, Rb, and Nb with age of eruption. To explain these trends, a model is proposed involving both progressive tapping of a zoned magma chamber and removal of 10 to 15 percent of Mg-rich orthopyroxene during fractional crystallization. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Desert (philosophy)

Geological survey

10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[333:ooqbft]2.0.co;2

Cite

Citations (30)

Scientific Exploration of an Active Magma-Hydrothermal System in the Valles Caldera, New Mexico Through Drilling

Exploration of the deep continental crust (1988)

Dennis L. Nielson Jeffrey B. Hulen Fraser Goff Jamie N. Gardner

Caldera

Andesites

Magma chamber

10.1007/978-3-642-73455-7_30