Effect of pressure on the kinetics of peridotite serpentinization
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Keywords:
Peridotite
Pyroxene
Brucite
Forsterite
Forsterite
Brucite
Talc
Ultramafic rock
Metasomatism
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Olivine is a dynamic and important mineral in the crust and mantle with relevance to processes that are important to climate change technology, such as geologic carbon storage and critical mineral recovery. In this work, we critically evaluated and compiled a new database of olivine diffraction data, lattice parameters, and compositions to enable rapid Ni–Mg–Fe olivine composition determination. A compilation of olivine X-ray diffraction data and chemical compositions from both the literature and the International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD) powder database was assembled to plot both the forsterite–fayalite and forsterite–liebenbergite solid-solution lines. We present an expanded data set to delineate equations and relationships used for quantifying the correlations between olivine lattice parameters and chemical compositions in Mg2SiO4–Fe2SiO4 (forsterite–fayalite) and Mg2SiO4–Ni2SiO4 (forsterite–liebenbergite) olivine solid-solution series.
Forsterite
Fayalite
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Brucite
Forsterite
Talc
Chrysotile
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Brucite
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An experimental study of hydrous mineral formation reaction between the synthetic forsterite and water vapor has been carried out with autoclaves at temperatures and pressures below the critical point. We succeeded in synthesizing hydrous minerals under these conditions for the first time. Patterns obtained by powder X-ray diffraction and with using a Gandolfi camera show that serpentine (chrysotile or lizardite), brucite and brucite-like material were formed by the hydration of forsterite. The reaction nearly obeys 2Fo+3H2O(g)=1Serp+1Bru. The IR absorption spectra of the charge using Fourier transform infrared microspectrometer confirms the formation of hydrous phase since an absorption peak appeared at -3690cm-1, which can be assigned to an absorption peak of the OH-bond. The rim thickness of the layer produced by the hydration of forsterite was estimated to be roughly 1μm after >1000hr, at 230 °C and a water vapor pressure of 27bar. The hydration rate is much smaller than that predicted theory.
Forsterite
Brucite
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Several investigations have demonstrated that olivine may be used to simulate geochemical and cosmochemical reactions. Since olivine in extra-terrestrial samples has varying forsterite numbers and natural olivine contains inevitable impurities, synthetic olivine with the requisite forsterite number has been prepared for various experimental research. This study aimed to synthesize Fe-bearing olivine via synthetic experiments conducted at near-solidus temperatures and elucidate the formation and decomposition mechanisms of the obtained Fe-bearing olivine. Specifically, we attempted to synthesize Fo60 (Forsterite number = 100 × Mg/(Mg + Fe) = 60) olivine using a mixture of analytical-grade SiO2, MgO, and Fe2O3. To clarify the stability of the obtained olivine, the temperature range (1350–1500 °C) and heating durations (1.5 h or 15 h) were controlled under a constant oxygen fugacity of QFM-1 log units.
Forsterite
Mineral redox buffer
Solidus
Fugacity
Atmospheric temperature range
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Forsterite
Crystal (programming language)
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