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[1] We have detected anomalous very-low-frequency earthquakes within the accretionary prism along the Nankai Trough, southwestern Japan. Centroid moment tensor inversion analysis reveals that the earthquake hypocenters are distributed at ∼10 km depth above the upper surface of the subducting Philippine Sea Plate, and within 50–70 km landward of the trough axis. The focal mechanisms indicate reverse faulting. Their hypocenters are distributed beneath a deformation zone of an accretionary prism in sea-floor topography. These observations suggest that the occurrence of very-low-frequency earthquakes is related to numerous reverse fault systems within the accretionary prism, and that the earthquakes reflect the dynamics of deformation within this accretionary prism.
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Research Article| September 01, 2014 Splay fault activity revealed by aftershocks of the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake, central Chile Kathrin Lieser; Kathrin Lieser 1GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Ingo Grevemeyer; Ingo Grevemeyer 1GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Dietrich Lange; Dietrich Lange 1GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Ernst Flueh; Ernst Flueh 1GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Frederik Tilmann; Frederik Tilmann 2GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Potsdam, 14473 Potsdam, Germany3Free University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Eduardo Contreras-Reyes Eduardo Contreras-Reyes 4Departamento de Geofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, 8370449 Santiago, Chile Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Kathrin Lieser 1GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany Ingo Grevemeyer 1GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany Dietrich Lange 1GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany Ernst Flueh 1GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany Frederik Tilmann 2GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Potsdam, 14473 Potsdam, Germany3Free University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany Eduardo Contreras-Reyes 4Departamento de Geofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, 8370449 Santiago, Chile Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 07 May 2014 Revision Received: 02 Jul 2014 Accepted: 03 Jul 2014 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 © 2014 Geological Society of America Geology (2014) 42 (9): 823–826. https://doi.org/10.1130/G35848.1 Article history Received: 07 May 2014 Revision Received: 02 Jul 2014 Accepted: 03 Jul 2014 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Kathrin Lieser, Ingo Grevemeyer, Dietrich Lange, Ernst Flueh, Frederik Tilmann, Eduardo Contreras-Reyes; Splay fault activity revealed by aftershocks of the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake, central Chile. Geology 2014;; 42 (9): 823–826. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G35848.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Splay faults, large thrust faults emerging from the plate boundary to the seafloor in subduction zones, are considered to enhance tsunami generation by transferring slip from the very shallow dip of the megathrust onto steeper faults, thus increasing vertical displacement of the seafloor. These structures are predominantly found offshore, and are therefore difficult to detect in seismicity studies, as most seismometer stations are located onshore. The Mw (moment magnitude) 8.8 Maule earthquake on 27 February 2010 affected ∼500 km of the central Chilean margin. In response to this event, a network of 30 ocean-bottom seismometers was deployed for a 3 month period north of the main shock where the highest coseismic slip rates were detected, and combined with land station data providing onshore as well as offshore coverage of the northern part of the rupture area. The aftershock seismicity in the northern part of the survey area reveals, for the first time, a well-resolved seismically active splay fault in the submarine forearc. Application of critical taper theory analysis suggests that in the northernmost part of the rupture zone, coseismic slip likely propagated along the splay fault and not the subduction thrust fault, while in the southern part it propagated along the subduction thrust fault and not the splay fault. The possibility of splay faults being activated in some segments of the rupture zone but not others should be considered when modeling slip distributions. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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Abstract In this paper, a tecto-sedimentary evolution model of the northwestern external Rif zones (Morocco) is proposed. It is based on the study of structural relationships and the biostratigraphic and sedimentologic analysis of different Tertiary syn-tectonic units. This zone shows alternating foredeep basins and anticlinal ramps with a NNW-SSE structural trend and a vergence toward the WSW. The trend of turbiditic bodies and palaeocurrent directions (from the SSE to the NNW) are parallel to the regional tectonic strike. Sidi Mrayt and El Habt basins are filled with syn-tectonic middle Eocene to middle Miocene sediments; The Habt basin is subdivided in two sub-basins: Asilah-Larache and Rirha-Gzoula. The deposits are distributed in two separated turbiditic complex, each one including a stacking of turbiditic systems. The Rirha-Gzoula and Asilah-Larache sub-basins are located in front of two anticline ridge structures made up of Upper Cretaceous and Lower Eocene material; they are respectively Boujediane and Arbaa Ayacha anticlines. The distribution of turbiditic bodies, unconformities and structural relationships within the thrusts and folds system in the northwestern external Rif indicate the progression toward the external zones of fault-propagation folds and associated basins.
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The Lushan earthquake occurred on the southern segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt between the Bayan Har and south China blocks.Field investigations indicated that there is no any earthquake surface rupture zone generated by this earthquake,only secondary surface breaks,such as extensional ground fissures,landslides,bedrock collapses,and liquefactions were found in the epicentral areas,which were caused by slope instability and earthquake vibration.The relocated aftershocks,focal mechanism solutions and surface structural geology further demonstrate that the seismogenic fault of the Lushan earthquake is a blind reverse fault which strikes 212° and dips toward NW with a dip angle of 38°±2°.The upper tip of this blind reverse fault is still at the depth of about 9 km in the upper crust.The structural deformation from above the tip to the ground surface is in accordance with a fault-propagation-anticline model.Besides,the differences in spatial aftershocks' distribution,rupturing process and seismogenic structure suggest that the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes are two independent rupturing events occurred along the middle segment and southern segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt,respectively.
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Among the Sub-Andean basins of northern South America is located the Barinas-Apure basin, in southwestern Venezuela. Through the analysis of high-resolution seismic-profiles and surface geology, three different tectonic events have affected the sediments of this basin: (a) a late Cretaceous-Paleocene event, related with the Larmidian orogenesis, (b) a late Middle Eocene event, related to north-Venezuelan flexure, and (c) a Miocene to Pleistocene event, under the influence of the Andean (Merida) orogenesis. Is the last one, the responsible of the present-day structural configuration on the basin, i.e., an assymetric syncline. Several complex structures and fault-systems are recognized in this basin, they are grouped in pre-Oligocene and Miocene-Pleistocene in origin. Among these, only the pre-Oligocene structures have accumulated important oil reservoirs.
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