Reconstructing fluvial incision rates based on palaeo‐water tables in chalk karst networks along the Seine valley (Normandy, France)
Carole NehméAndrew FarrantDaniel BallesterosDominique TodiscoJoël RodetDiana SahyJ. Michael GrapponeJean‐Claude StaigreDamase Mouralis
22
Citation
85
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
Abstract Quantifying rates of river incision and continental uplift over Quaternary timescales offer the potential for modelling landscape change due to tectonic and climatic forcing. In many areas, river terraces form datable archives that help constrain the timing and rate of valley incision. However, old river terraces, with high‐level deposits, are prone to weathering and often lack datable material. Where valleys are incised through karst areas, caves and sediments can be used to reconstruct the landscape evolution because they can record the elevation of palaeo‐water tables and contain preserved datable material. In Normandy (N. France), the Seine River is entrenched into an extensive karstic chalk plateau. Previous estimates of valley incision were hampered by the lack of preserved datable fluvial terraces. A stack of abandoned phreatic cave passages preserved in the sides of the Seine valley can be used to reconstruct the landscape evolution of the region. Combining geomorphological observations, palaeomagnetic and U/Th dating of speleothem and sediments in eight caves along the Lower Seine valley, we have constructed a new age model for cave development and valley incision. Six identified cave levels up to ∼100 m a.s.l. were formed during the last ~1 Ma, coeval with the incision of the Seine River. Passage morphologies indicate that the caves formed in a shallow phreatic/epiphreatic setting, modified by sediment influxes. The valley's maximum age is constrained by the occurrence of late Pliocene marine sand. Palaeomagnetic dating of cave infills indicates that the highest‐level caves were being infilled prior to 1.1 Ma. The evidence from the studied caves, complemented by fluvial terrace sequences, indicates that rapid river incision occurred during marine isotope stage (MIS) 28 to 20 (0.8–1 Ma), with maximal rates of ~0.30 m ka −1 , dropping to ~0.08 m ka −1 between MIS 20–11 (0.8–0.4 Ma) and 0.05 m ka −1 from MIS 5 to the present time. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords:
Phreatic
Landform
Sinkhole
Cite
Citations (0)
Cite
Citations (21)
The purpose of this study is The Study on Karst Morphology Forms in Manjil Region of Gilan Province. Due to geological features and quantity and type of rainfalls in Gilan Province and other effective factors on formation and development of Karst and Karst water resources, it is necessary to study karst morphology forms of this region. This study has studied Manjil region. It has first studied and identified karst forms of the region and then considered their formation in relation to the regional tectonic and creation of water potentials. Karst morphology forms of the region were identified and the cause of their creation was specified. Among them, Dorfak Mountain with an altitude of 2714 m in the south- central part of Gilan Province in Rudbar City near to Manjil can be mentioned as an example. Also Manjil Cheshmeh Bad Cave with an altitude of 1400 m above sea level is among other karst phenomena of the region and is regarded as the most important karst phenomenon in Asmari limestone.
Morphology
Low altitude
Cite
Citations (1)
Cite
Citations (10)
Albania is one of the most karst-developed countries in Europe. Karst phenomena are related to soluted carbonate formations which cover of about 7300 km2 of Albanian territory and with sulfate evaporates rocks, which outcrop of about 500 km2. Typically alpine relief of average altitude 708 m above the sea level and high horizontal splitting are favorable for karst development. Karst and geological sites of karst origin are widespread mainly in Albanian Alps and in Ionian zone. In Albanides there are determined surfaces and underground karst forms which belong to the Neo-Pliocene-Quaternary age and deep karst forms belonging to the paleokarst in old formations. The most widespread karst forms in carbonate rocks there are valleys, caves, cones etc., while into salt rocks there are formed many karstic lakes and depressions. Up to now there are determined about 80 karstic caves, nice karst fields, valleys, plains, which represent geological sites of karst origin.
Outcrop
Sinkhole
Cite
Citations (0)