Multi-proxy evidence for the impact of the Storegga Slide Tsunami on the early Holocene landscapes of the southern North Sea
Vincent GaffneySimon FitchMartin BatesRoselyn WareTim KinnairdBenjamin GeareyTom HillRichard TelfordCathy BattBen SternJohn E. WhittakerSarah J. DaviesMohammed Ben SharadaRosie EverettBecky CribdonLogan KistlerSamuel HarrisKevin KearneyJames WalkerMerle MuruDerek A. HamiltonMatthew LawRichard BatesRobin G. Allaby
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Abstract Doggerland was a land mass occupying an area currently covered by the North Sea until marine inundation took place during the mid-Holocene, ultimately separating the British land mass from the rest of Europe. The Storegga Slide, which triggered a tsunami reflected in sediment deposits in the Northern North Sea, North East coastlines of the British Isles and across the North Atlantic, was a major event during this transgressive phase. The spatial extent of the Storegga tsunami however remains unconfirmed because to date no direct evidence for the event has been recovered from the southern North Sea. We present evidence that Storegga associated deposits occur in the southern North Sea. Palaeo-river systems have been identified using seismic survey in the southwestern North Sea and sedimentary cores extracted to track the Mid Holocene inundation. At the head of one palaeo-river system near the Outer Dowsing Deep, the Southern River , we observed an abrupt and catastrophic inundation stratum. Based on lithostratigraphic, macro and microfossils and sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) evidence, supported by optical stimulation luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating, we conclude these deposits were a result of the Storegga event. Seismic identification of this stratum to adjacent cores indicated diminished traces of the tsunami, largely removed by subsequent erosional processes. Our results demonstrate the catastrophic impact of Storegga within this area of the Southern North Sea, but indicate that these effects were temporary and likely localized and mitigated by the dense woodland and topography of the area. We conclude clear physical remnants of the wave are likely to be restricted to inland basins and incised river valley systems.Previous British Museum datelists were published as follows: BM-I: Radiocarbon, 1 (1959), 81–6BM-V: Radiocarbon, 10 (1968), 1–7 BM-II: Radiocarbon, 2 (1960), 26–30BM-VI: Radiocarbon, 11, 2 (1969), 278–94 BM-III: Radiocarbon, 3 (1961), 39–45BM-VII: Radiocarbon, 13, 2 (1971), 157–88 BM-IV: Radiocarbon, 5 (1963), 104–8BM-VIII: Radiocarbon, 18, 1 (1976), 16–42 BM-IX: Radiocarbon, 19, 2 (1977), 143–60BM-XVII: Radiocarbon, 26, 1 (1984), 59–74 BM-X: Radiocarbon, 21, 1 (1979), 41–7BM-XVIII: Radiocarbon, 27, 3 (1985), 508–24 BM-XI: Radiocarbon, 21, 3 (1979), 339–52BM-XIX: Radiocarbon, 29, 1 (1987), 61–77 BM-XII: Radiocarbon23, 1 (1981), 14–23BM-XX: Radiocarbon, 29, 2 (1987), 177–96 BM-XIII: Radiocarbon, 24, 2 (1982), 151–70BM-XXI: Radiocarbon, 31, 1 (1989), 15–32 BM-XIV: Radiocarbon, 24, 3 (1982), 229–61BM-XXII: Radiocarbon, 33, 1 (1991), 51–68 BM-XV: Radiocarbon, 24, 3 (1982), 262–90BM-XXIII: Radiocarbon, 36, 1 (1994), 95–111 BM-XVI: Radiocarbon, 25, 1 (1983), 39–58BM-XXIV: Archaeometry, 40, 2 (1998), 413–37
Accelerator mass spectrometry
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Yanfu plain is situated in the east of North Jiangsu plain.Influenced by changes of sea level,the evolution of the Palaeogeography have gone through three stages here since Holocene.It became a shallow sea because of the transgression of sea and sea level was up in the early Holocene,and the space construction was comparatively single.During the middle Holocene,the old sandbars formed as sea level had remaind relatively steadiness,and the two-element construction constituted by lagoon and shallow sea formed at the two sides of the sandbars.Lixiahe area in the west had formed a closed lagoon and the east area was remained a shallow sea.During the late Holocene,this area had finished the change from sea to land and formed the three-element construction of geography space in Yanfu Area as sea level was down: The north was part of the Huanghuai Plain,and the lakes and marshlands in Lixiahe area reduced continuously,and have been changed into the Lixiahe plain.And the wide seashore plain of the east was formed because the seashore moved eastwards.
Marine transgression
Shoal
Palaeogeography
Coastal plain
Holocene climatic optimum
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Compound-specific radiocarbon analysis has played important role in the methodology applied in radiocarbon dating since the development of modern analytical instrumentation. Thank to this evolution it is nowadays possible to radiocarbon date samples which would be normally considered as undatable due to their heterogenous nature or secondary contamination. The aim of this review is to introduce molecular-specific radiocarbon dating approach and show some particular applications already successfully tested and used in radiocarbon dating.
Absolute dating
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Accelerator mass spectrometry
Carbon fibers
Absolute dating
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The method of radiocarbon dating is currently widely used in archaeology work.The application of radiocarbon dating in Chinese archaeology has brought dramatic progress to its development.However,there are some problems in decades of use at the same time.Depending on the definition radiocarbon dating,the using condition in China and other related problem,this paper tries to explain the development of radiocarbon dating,in order to deepen the understanding of radiocarbon dating.
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Accelerator mass spectrometry
Absolute dating
Radiometric dating
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The geomorphology of a coarse clastic coastal landscape at Tuapaat (69°24'N 52°36'W), southeastern Disko Island, central West Greenland, is described, and a coastal morpho-stratigraphy of the landscape is constructed. 14C ages on marine shells, whale bones, peat and gyttja are used to construct relative sea level changes throughout the Holocene. The emergence of SE Disko Island occurred in the early part of the Holocene. The Holocene marine limit is situated ca. 80m a.s.l. Between 4.7 and 1.0ka BP, the relative sea level approached the present sea level and it has probably been below present sea level between 4.7 ka BP and the present. The morpho-stratigraphy in the lowest part of the coastal landscape at Tuapaat suggests a complex late Holocene relative sea level history which includes at least 3-4 transgressions during the last ca. 2.5 ka.
Holocene climatic optimum
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This list consists of radiocarbon dates for geological samples measured from 1988 to 1990 at the resumed National Taiwan University (NTU) Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory. The NTU Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory was re-activated in 1988, after more than 14 years.
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Geochronology
Accelerator mass spectrometry
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Okierabu-jima of the Ryukyu Islands, which is a poly-terraced Pleistocene raised coral reef island, doesn't have a Holocene raised coral reef, but coastal erosional features showing higher sea levels in Holocene. The authors obtained some data indicating the period of one of the Holocene higher sea levels.All radiocarbon dates concerning Okierabu-jima's Holocene sea-level changes are plotted on the date-height coordinates (Fig. 2). The paleo sea level between 5000 and 2000 y. B. P. lies above the broken line drawn from 6m below to 2.18m above the present sea level. The period of the highest sea level in Holocene seems to be about 3000 to 2000 y. B. P. in this island. Its height is presumably 2.4m a. s. l. derived on an average from heights of stacks and coastal benches in the almost all coasts of the island (Koba, 1974). Beach rocks were already formed at the landward extremity of the reef flat corresponding to the almost present sea level about 1300 y. B. P.
Fringing reef
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