New frontiers in tree-ring research
Jessie K. PearlJohn R KeckWilliam Lazar TintorLiliana SiekaczHannah HerrickM. D. MekoCharlotte Pearson
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From its inception as a scientific discipline, tree-ring research has been used as a trans-disciplinary tool for dating and environmental reconstruction. Tree-ring chronologies in some regions extend back many thousands of years, opening up new potential for the study of climate, people, and ecology at annual and sub-annual resolution. As such, they are a frequently used resource for a diverse range of studies spanning the Holocene. They are also the focus of a constantly evolving array of analytical techniques and multidisciplinary approaches to research questions. This literature review discusses case studies at the cutting-edge of interdisciplinary tree-ring research, notes recent breakthroughs and limitations, and identifies key frontiers for the future of tree-ring research.Keywords:
Dendroclimatology
Tree (set theory)
As a the brench of dendrochronology, dendroclimatology assesses the climate in the past and uses tree rings and weather data, mainly precipitation and temperatures, to assess future climate change. The rate of publications on dendroclimatology was slow during the first half of the 20th century, but it has grown exponentially since the 1960s. More than 3,000 of the 12,000 scientific publications now listed in the dendrochronology's online bibliography contain the word "climate". The purpose of the paper is to review the history of dendro-climatology and its basic provisions. The American astronomer A.I. Douglas at the beginning of the 20th century developed the methods and principles that we use today. The basic principles of dendrochronology are borrowed from general ecology: the uniformitarian principle, the principle of limiting factors, the principle of aggregate tree growth, the principle of ecological emplitude, the principle of crossdating, the principle of cite celection. The basic methods in dendrochronology are: selection of research sites, selection of cores, cross-dating, indexation of tree-ring chronologies. Statistical methods for quantifying tree to climate ratios are briefly discussed, as well as correlation analysis and response function. Examples of dendroclimatological studies are given. F.G. Kolyshchuk proposed an original technique for the study of radial pine growth in the Carpathian Mountains. He found that during the last 200 - 230 years different species of pine (Pinus mughus Scop., Sembra L.) growing in the high mountains and inter-forested marshes (P. Silvestris L., P. Mughus Scop.) In the Ukrainian Carpathians it’s revealed a similar growth rate in tree rings, which may be evidence of climatic conditioning of the dynamics of growth and the same response of these pine species to climate change. An example study of the response of pine radial growth to climate variations in the forest-steppe zone shows an increase in the sensitivity of stands due to climate warming. Conclusions. Dendroclimatology is an interdisciplinary science that helps to determine how similar or not climate is today to the past and continues to play an extremely important role in the study of the response of forest ecosystems to climate change.
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Abstract The scientific discipline called dendrochronology is the study of tree rings and of environmental conditions and events of the past that tree growth can reflect. The beginning of scientific study of tree rings is generally ascribed to an astronomer named Andrew Ellicott Douglass, who in the early 1900s noticed not only variation in tree‐ring width but also that this variability was similar between multiple trees. Dendrochronology subsequently expanded worldwide, and now over 3000 of the 12,000+ publications on dendrochronology can be classified as dendroclimatology. As a subfield of tree‐ring analysis, dendroclimatology estimates climate back in time beyond the start of recorded meteorological measurements. Dendroclimatology starts with site and tree selection and continues with dating, measuring, data quality control, and chronology construction. Tree rings are associated with climate using statistical models that are then evaluated for their full length to reconstruct climate of the past. Most commonly, either precipitation or temperature is reconstructed, and reconstructions are then analyzed for frequency of extreme years, changes in mean conditions, ranges of long‐term variability, and changes in interannual variability. For example, from reconstructions of Northern Hemisphere temperature based on tree rings and other natural archives of climate collected from multiple sites, it appears that current temperature (since ad 1850) exceeds the range of variability reconstructed for ad 1000‐1850. Uncertainties in dendroclimatology exist, including a relatively recent issue called divergence, but dendroclimatology has played, and continues to play, a substantial role in interdisciplinary research on climate change. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This article is categorized under: Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Paleoclimate
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Tree-ring studies in China have achieved great advances since the 1990s, particularly for the dendroclimatological studies which have made some influence around the world. However, because of the uneven development, limited attention has been currently paid on the other branches of dendrochronology. We herein briefly compared the advances of dendrochronology in China and of the world and presented suggestions on future dendrochronological studies. Large-scale tree-ring based climate reconstructions in China are highly needed by employing mathematical methods and a high quality tree-ring network of the ring-width, density, stable isotope and wood anatomy. Tree-ring based field climate reconstructions provide potentials on explorations of climate forcings during the reconstructed periods via climate diagnosis and process simulation.
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The application of dendrochronology for understanding climatic variations has been of great interest to climatologists, ecologists, geographers, archeologists, among other sciences, particularly in recent decades when more dendrochronological studies have been developed. We analyzed and identified the current state and recent advances in dendroclimatology in Latin America for the period 1990 to 2020. We carried out reviews in ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus databases with the keywords “dendrochronology”, “dendroclimatology”, “dendrochronology and climatic variability”, “dendroclimatology and climatic variability”, “dendrochronology and trend”, and “dendroclimatology and trend” for each Latin American country. Results show that dendroclimatological research in the last 11 years has increased and has been mainly developed in temperate climate zones (83%) and tropical or subtropical areas (17%), where conifer species have been the most used with over 59% of the studies. However, broadleaf species for dendrochronological studies have also increased in the last decade. Dendroclimatological research in Latin America has provided important advances in the study of climatic variability by defining the response functions of tree-rings to climate and developing climatic reconstructions. Our research identified areas where it is necessary to increase dendroclimatic studies (e.g., dry and tropical forests), in addition to applying new techniques such as isotope analysis, blue intensity, dendrochemistry, among other tree-ring applications.
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Dendrochronology is a method of dating which makes use of the annual nature of tree growth. Dendrochronology may be divided into a number of subfields, each of which covers one or more aspects of the use of tree ring data: dendroclimatology, dendrogeomorphology, dendrohydrology, dendroecology, dendroarchaelogy, and dendrogylaciology. Basic of all form the analysis of the tree rings. The wood or tree rings can aid to dating past events about climatology, ecology, geology, hydrology. Dendrochronological studies are conducted either on increment cores or on discs. It may be seen abnormalities on tree rings during the measurement like that false rings, missing rings, reaction wood. Like that situation, increment cores must be extracted from four different sides of each tree and be studied as more as on tree.
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Abstract Dendrochronology is the science of tree‐ring analysis. It derives from the Greek root words dendron for tree and chronos for time. Thus, dendrochronology uses the history of tree growth, as expressed in its annually produced radial growth rings, to provide information about the past. The realization that trees growing in suitable environments put on one annual ring of growth per year has a very long history going back at least to Theophrastus in ancient Greece. However, it was not until the early twentieth century that the basic principles of dendrochronology were formally developed and exploited. Annual tree‐ring chronologies can also be used to reconstruct past climate. This branch of dendrochronology is called dendroclimatology .
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