Physiochemical data of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) samples in Awur Beach, Indonesia
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Abstract The flow of fresh groundwater to the ocean through the coast (fresh submarine groundwater discharge or fresh SGD) plays an important role in global biogeochemical cycles and coastal water quality. In addition to delivering dissolved elements from land to sea, fresh SGD forms a natural barrier against salinization of coastal aquifers. Here we estimate groundwater discharge rates through the near‐global coast (60°N to 60°S) at high resolution using a water budget approach. We find that tropical coasts export more than 56% of all fresh SGD, while midlatitude arid regions export only 10%. Fresh SGD rates from tectonically active margins (coastlines along tectonic plate boundaries) are also significantly greater than passive margins, where most field studies have been focused. Active margins combine rapid uplift and weathering with high rates of fresh SGD and may therefore host exceptionally large groundwater‐borne solute fluxes to the coast.
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Abstract Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), the direct discharge of groundwater to the sea, is a ubiquitous phenomenon worldwide. While SGD is defined as “any and all flow of water on continental margins”, this review focuses on the terrestrial fraction, also known as fresh SGD Jakarta Bay, which started from the late 1980s have had greatest impact on mangrove areas and coastal water quality due to the expanding of the city. In such an environment, inputs of nutrients will play an important role in sustaining primary productivity. Atmospheric deposition and riverine runoff have been traditionally considered the main external sources of nutrients to the bay, whereas the role of submarine groundwater discharge has been largely ignored. . In this study, we used radon tracers and salinity to investigate SGD and associated nutrient inputs to Jakarta Bay especially from Citarum Estuary as the main river. The result shows that SGD becomes an important role in understanding the nutrient cycle at Jakarta Bay.
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連続熱供給式自記湧出量計およびLee-typeシーページメーターを用いて海底地下水湧出(SGD)量を測定した。山形県釜磯海岸では最大約200 cm/dayのSGDが確認され,陸域由来地下水の寄与率は最大で20%に上った。SGDの多い地点では他地点に比べて海水の栄養塩濃度が5-6 高く,SGDは釜磯海岸における硝酸および海藻の窒素安定同位体比にも強く影響していた。本研究ではSGDによる海域の栄養塩環境への影響が定量的に示され,また海底湧水に含まれる栄養塩が海藻に利用されていることを示す結果が得られた。
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MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 563:25-33 (2017) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11980 Phytoplankton primary productivity around submarine groundwater discharge in nearshore coasts Ryo Sugimoto1,*, Katsuhiro Kitagawa1, Saori Nishi1, Hisami Honda1,2, Makoto Yamada2, Shiho Kobayashi3, Jun Shoji4, Shinji Ohsawa5, Makoto Taniguchi2, Osamu Tominaga1 1Faculty of Marine Biosciences, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan 2Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan 3Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-0068, Japan 4Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan 5Institute for Geothermal Sciences, Kyoto University, Oita 874-0903, Japan *Corresponding author: sugiryo@fpu.ac.jp ABSTRACT: Nutrients supplied from submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) are generally thought to enhance primary production in coastal seas. However, there is little evidence for a direct association between SGD and phytoplankton primary productivity. To elucidate the response of in situ primary productivity to SGD, we conducted comparative experiments at 3 coastal sites in Japan with different SGD types (Site A: Obama Bay; Site B: coast along the western foot of Mt. Chokai; Site C: Beppu Bay) during the summers of 2013-2015. At Site A, which is characterized by seepage-type SGD, we found a significant positive relationship between in situ primary productivity and 222Rn concentration. This was likely driven by nutrient-limited water column conditions. On the other hand, at the volcanic coastal Sites B and C, which are dominated by spring-type SGD, no clear relationships between in situ primary productivity and 222Rn concentration were found. Although significant relationships between nutrient concentrations and 222Rn concentration suggest that SGD acts as a primary nutrient source in these regions, the non-trivial influence of light availability complicates those relationships. Furthermore, lower biomass-specific primary productivity around submarine springs at both sites suggests that submarine springs have negative impacts on phytoplankton growth rates around vent sites, possibly due to changes in local environmental conditions. Our study clarified that the mechanism by which SGD affects phytoplankton production differs from one ecosystem to another because of variable hydrogeographical properties, such as the type of groundwater discharge (i.e. spring or seepage). KEY WORDS: In situ primary productivity · Submarine groundwater discharge · 222Rn Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Sugimoto R, Kitagawa K, Nishi S, Honda H and others (2017) Phytoplankton primary productivity around submarine groundwater discharge in nearshore coasts. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 563:25-33. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11980 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 563. Online publication date: January 20, 2017 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2017 Inter-Research.
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We proposed directed field and modeling research to address the following hypotheses: (H1) Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), its quality, and the percentage that is fresh versus saline, is modulated by season, tides, and wave conditions; (H2) the chemical (nutrient, carbon, trace metal) and biological (human health indicators) composition of SGD is affected by land use and geology; (H3) human health indicators and nutrients can be freely transported through the beach aquifer and are not removed via interactions with the sediments, and (H4) SGD impacts the water quality of the nearshore environment at a level comparable to surficial runoff.
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