The 2010 Eruption of Merapi Volcano, Java, Indonesia: Petrological Insights into Magma Dynamics and Eruptive Behaviour
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Empirical thesis.%%%%%%%%%%%%Chapter One. Introduction and motivation – Chapter Two. Insights into eruption dynamics from the 2014 pyroclastic deposits of Kelut volcano, Java, Indonesia, and implications for future hazards – Chapter Three. Eruption frequency, style and composition variations at Kelut volcano, Indonesia, based on 1500 years of tephra records – Chapter Four. The pre-eruptive magma storage system of the 1990 and 2014 Plinian, and 2007-2008 effusive dome-forming eruptions at Kelut volcano, Indonesia : insights into cyclic transitions in eruptive style – Chapter Five. Conclusions and future work – Appendices.%%%%Stratigraphic, petrological, mineralogical and geochemical records of volcanism are vital to understanding and forecasting the magmatic processes governing the cyclic effusive-explosive eruptive styles and patterns. Understanding the full range of eruptive behaviour at a volcano is fundamental in helping to reduce the disastrous impacts of eruptions to nearby vulnerable populations. Java (Indonesia) contains a large concentration of historically active and deadly volcanoes. However, few of these have well-constrained stratigraphic records that allow the variety of eruption styles and the eruption frequency to be estimated. Kelut volcano is one of the more deadly volcanoes in Indonesia, yet its geological record is poorly known. This thesis aims to improve our knowledge of Kelut, by examining detailed records of Kelut’s pyroclastic deposits and geochemistry, including both the most recent eruption (2014) and a series of units emplaced over the last 1500 years.%%%%The dynamics and chronology of individual eruptions of Kelut are complex. From AD ~560 to1800’s, glass shard compositions reveal that magmatic processes are the first-order control on eruptive behaviour. Mafic recharge events triggered the most explosive episodes. The system was maintained by variable rates and volumes of mafic magma influxes. In the early record, recharges were small or infrequent, and enough time between eruptions allowed homogenised high-Si magmas to erupt. More frequent eruptions took place from AD 1000 and variability of magmas was greater. From AD 1920 to 1990, eruptions tapped a continuously evolving magma system.The homogeneity of compositions from recent effusive-explosive rocks suggested that regular, small injections of gas-rich magma allowed for efficient mixing, buffering the system for some time. During this phase, other processes were of greater influence on eruptive styles. In some cases the presence of a conduit-capping lava dome inhibited gas release, eventually leading to overpressure and triggering a more explosive eruption, e.g., 2014. In the 2014 eruption, there is also potential evidence of mafic intrusion before eruption. This sudden intrusion left little trace,except in feldspar-rim compositions. Since 1920, explosive eruptions occured every ~21 years at Kelut. If the alternate explosive/effusive cycle holds, the next eruption of Kelut is likely to be a period of lava dome effusion.%%%%%%%%1…
Volcanic hazards
Peléan eruption
Strombolian eruption
Effusive eruption
Dense-rock equivalent
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Volcanology
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Pyroclastic fall
Rockfall
Magma chamber
Phreatic eruption
Peléan eruption
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Thermal infrared
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Journal Article Eruptive Dynamics and Petrogenetic Processes in a very Shallow Magma Reservoir: the 1906 Eruption of Vesuvius Get access ROBERTO SANTACROCE, ROBERTO SANTACROCE * 1Gruppo Nazionale Vulcanologia, CNRPisa, Italy3Dip. Scienze della Terra, Univ. PisaPisa, Italy *Reprint requests to R. Santacroce, Dip. Scienze della Terra, Universita degli Studi di Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 56100 Pisa, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ANTONELLA BERTAGNINI, ANTONELLA BERTAGNINI 1Gruppo Nazionale Vulcanologia, CNRPisa, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar LUCIA CIVETTA, LUCIA CIVETTA 2Dip. Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Univ. NapoliNapoli, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar PATRIZIA LANDI, PATRIZIA LANDI 1Gruppo Nazionale Vulcanologia, CNRPisa, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ALESSANDRO SBRANA ALESSANDRO SBRANA 3Dip. Scienze della Terra, Univ. PisaPisa, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Petrology, Volume 34, Issue 2, April 1993, Pages 383–425, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/34.2.383 Published: 01 April 1993 Article history Received: 08 July 1991 Accepted: 25 August 1992 Published: 01 April 1993
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