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    In this paper,we give a review on combined ESR/U-series methods for dating tooth fossil from Middle-Early Pleistocene sites.This approach allows estimating the history of uranium uptake in each dental tissue by using a one-parameter(p-value) diffusion equation,being more accurate than the conventional methods where the mode of uranium uptake is predetermined.Conventional ESR dating postulates two models: an early uptake(EU) model which assumes that uranium was incorporated shortly after the sample burial,and a linear uptake(LU) model where uranium is supposed to have been incorporated at a constant rate since the time of burial.The previous works stated that correct ESR age of a sample lies always somewhere between the EU and LU uptake ages.In recent years,combined ESR/U-series methods are becoming known as a unique approach for dating old fossils directly,and were applied on several archaeological sites in the world.The archaeologists and dating specialists in China are called on to make a good joint effort and collaboration in installing and developing the combined ESR/U-series dating methods and to carry out better studies on chronology of Middle-Early Pleistocene sites.
    Chronology
    Absolute dating
    Citations (0)
    The essential ideas behind the major methods for assessing the relative ages of geological and archeological materials and events are reviewed. These include the principles of original horizontality, superposition, inclusion, cross-cutting relations, and cross-dating by index fossils (biological succession) or artifacts. Some general principles of absolute dating are introduced, and, as representatives of non-radiometric methods, tree-ring, thermoluminescence, obsidian hydration, and amino acid racemization dating are discussed with examples.
    Radiometric dating
    Absolute dating
    Absolute (philosophy)
    Citations (1)