Recent summer warming in northwestern Canada exceeds the Holocene thermal maximum
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Eastern Beringia is one of the few Western Arctic regions where full Holocene climate reconstructions are possible. However, most full Holocene reconstructions in Eastern Beringia are based either on pollen or midges, which show conflicting early Holocene summer temperature histories. This discrepancy precludes understanding the factors that drove past (and potentially future) climate change and calls for independent proxies to advance the debate. We present a ~13.6 ka summer temperature reconstruction in central Yukon, part of Eastern Beringia, using precipitation isotopes in syngenetic permafrost. The reconstruction shows that early Holocene summers were consistently warmer than the Holocene mean, as supported by midges, and a thermal maximum at ~7.6-6.6 ka BP. This maximum was followed by a ~6 ka cooling, and later abruptly reversed by industrial-era warming leading to a modern climate that is unprecedented in the Holocene context and exceeds the Holocene thermal maximum by +1.7 ± 0.7 °C.Environmental change
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过去的 13000 一 from 胡古安吉安·马尔·莱克的一个高分辨率的花粉记录在 Holocene 期间在南部的中国揭示植被和环境变化。它证明树和灌木的那个(i) 花粉百分比在早 Holocene 期间到达了 56%(11600—7800 cal BP ) ,哪个热带树的花粉百分比在 9500 点到达了最大值—8000 cal BP,反映热、湿的环境;(i i ) 在 mid-Holocene 期间(7800—4200 cal BP ) ,当热带副热带的树的百分比减少了时,山区的具球果的树和植物的花粉百分比增加了,显示降低温度和湿度;(iii ) 从 4200 ~ 350 在迟了的 Holocene 跨越 BP,植物的花粉百分比和山区的针叶树显著地增加了的 cal,显示温度和湿度的显著减少。我们的花粉数据揭示时间时期 9500—在南部的中国的 BP 代表的 8000 cal 为 Holocene 的气候的最佳由热、湿的条件描绘了。这与 Holocene 最佳全球性在更低的纬度区域发现了一致。我们推测那个强壮的曝晒力量原因向北方 ITCZ 和副热带的夏天季风前面的移植,它在 Huguangyan 区域导致了早 Holocene 最佳。中间、迟了的 Holocene 的干燥趋势和气候变化能在太阳的曝晒和经常的 ENSO 事件与减少被联系。
Intertropical Convergence Zone
Holocene climatic optimum
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在为硅藻,种子和 phytoliths 的 Tianluoshan 的古老的稻田的节的考古学的分析证明了在东方中国的最高本地的海水平在 Holocene 期间出现在 7.0 ka BP 前。进入 Mid-Holocene,作为海水 regressed,一个广阔沼泽地平原出现在沿海的区域,在过时的 Hemudu 文化的农民栽培了米饭的地方。然而,仍然在 Mid-Holocene 有几个海平面的变化,哪个最大从 6.4 ~ 6.3 ka BP 并且从 4.6 ~ 2.1 ka BP。另外在沼泽地草植被统治的时期, 6.3 ~ 4.6 ka BP,更小的变化显然在回来上把海岸线推到陆地。尽管与这些海岸线违反联系的海平面的上升没有最高的海的紧张,铺平时期,将仍然生活和住在这个区域的人的生产活动上有深刻影响。从在 Tianluoshan 的古老的稻田的考古学的证据证明更大的海平面的上升事件推了海水到土地上并且淹没而更弱的海平面的上升事件沿着河导致了海水的侵入,在大米在土壤咸度和减少引起增加产出的稻田的大区域。米饭耕作上的海平面的上升的影响在本地饮食引起了变化。在米饭生产掉落了的区域,聚在一起并且狩猎的流行升起了。在早 Holocene 的高海层次暗示在东方沿海的平原的米饭耕作的起源是可能的在小附近的山盆。
Holocene climatic optimum
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Abstract This paper summarizes the present knowledge on the variation of summer temperatures in the European Alps throughout the Holocene by combining the results of an extraordinary archaeological find with the information gathered from glacier and tree-line movements. As it turns out, there were several distinct periods were the glaciers were smaller than today, allowing in some periods the growth of trees in areas, which even now are still covered with ice. On average, the first half of the Holocene was warmer than the second half, with temperatures starting to decrease around the time of the Iceman some 5000 yr ago. One of the coldest periods during the Holocene, the so-called Little Ice Age (LIA), lasted from about AD 1300 to 1850. It is well known that since then the Alpine glaciers have been receding, most likely amplified by anthropogenic impact. The study of temperature variations before human influence may help to eventually disentangle natural and anthropogenic causes for the global warming of our time.
Tree line
Holocene climatic optimum
Ice core
Little ice age
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Shiyang 河排水盆位于亚洲季风区域的西北边缘。以前的研究在盆关于 Holocene 气候的变化得出了不同结论。一些研究建议 Holocene 气候的变化被亚洲季风主要控制并且气候在早 Holocene (11.67.1 cal ka BP ) 期间是相对潮湿的。另外的研究发现 mid-Holocene 气候的最佳(7.05.0 cal ka BP ) ,并且这个气候条件类似于在干旱中亚的 Holocene 西的风模式。现代气候被亚洲季风和西的风在排水盆影响,并且 Holocene 气候的记录显示出二不同 Holocene 气候的 patternsa 西的风模式和 monsoonal 模式。然而,什么引起了二不同 Holocene 气候的模式在这个区域共存,仍然保持不清楚。palynological 记录是为在盆的 Holocene 气候的变化的主要证据。这份报纸为排水盆的不同部分集中于 palynological 记录。在他们之中, QTH02, QTL-03 和 Sanjiaocheng 记录位于终端湖,并且 Hongshuihe 记录位于盆的中间的活动范围。在终端湖, QTH02 和 QTL-03 的 palynological 记录是类似的,但是 Sanjiaocheng 记录不同。差别被可变花粉集合主要在湖盆的不同地点影响。从四个 palynological 记录的比较和合成,我们断定千年规模的 Holocene 气候的变化被亚洲季风和西的风的联合效果在排水盆影响,它在亚洲季风的西北边缘显示出复杂 Holocene 气候的模式。
Holocene climatic optimum
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A depth-age scale and an accumulation history for the Holocene have been established on the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) deep core, providing the most continuously dated record of annual layer accumulation currently available. The depth-age scale was obtained with the use of various independent techniques to count annual layers in the core. An annual record of surface accumulation during the Holocene was obtained by correcting the observed layer thicknesses for flow-thinning. Fluctuations in accumulation provide a continuous and detailed record of climate variability over central Greenland during the Holocene. Climate events, including "Little Ice Age" type events, are examined.
Ice core
Paleoclimatology
Groenlandia
Little ice age
Holocene climatic optimum
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Holocene climatic optimum
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这份报纸在二连续 glacio 湖的沉积沉积物, Laotanfang (3 597 m ) 和在 Yunan 位于 Hulifang 山峰的南部、北的方面的 Shibantang (3 689 m ) 上论述学习,中国。环境变化索引为每沉积物被构造,基于谷物尺寸, geochemical 和花粉分析,环境磁性的危险性,并且 14C 标明日期。气候的环境变化的学习自从在这个区域的 Holocene 时代证明气候在早 Holocene 期间在不同阶段波动 ,也就是说,气候是凉爽的并且在 8 4-7 期间弄湿 7 ka ,在 7 7-6 期间冷、湿 5 ka ,在 6 5-4 期间冷、干燥 7 ka ,在 4 7-2 期间使 1 ka 凉下来并且弄湿,在 2 1-1 期间温暖、湿 0 ka ,并且自从 1 ka 更温暖、湿。这些调查结果在西南的中国的部分与在中国的这部分的另外的 Holocene 气候变化模型一致的北方在 Holocene 期间在不同时间反映西南和东南季风的重叠影响。
Holocene climatic optimum
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