Low-δ18O zircon xenocrysts in alkaline basalts; a window into the complex carbonatite-metasomatic history of the Zealandia lithospheric mantle
Quinten H. A. Van Der MeerJames M. ScottSimon Hansen SerreMartin J. WhitehouseMagnus KristoffersenPetrus le RouxE. C. Pope
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Na- and Cr-rich amphibole and clinopyroxene are commonly observed in hydrous mantle xenoliths hosted by Pliocene-Quaternary basalts from Yemen. The amphibole is Cr-rich magnesiokatophorite high in Na2O (3.66-5.65 wt%) and Cr2O3 (2.21-3.09 wt%), relatively low in K2O (0.23-0.66 wt %) and almost free of Cl and F. The clinopyroxene is characterized by high Cr2O3 (up to 5.64 wt%) and Na2O (up to 2.97 wt%), indicating appreciable amounts of kosmochlor. Both minerals show high REE concentrations as well as HFSE depletion, suggesting an involvement of carbonatitic melt in their formation. The magnesiokatophorites and kosmochlor-bearing diopside possibly formed through metasomatism by hydrous Na-rich carbonatite melt. Magnesiokatophorite is an indicator of metasomatism by hydrous Na-rich carbonatite in the upper mantle.
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