Mass Extinctions, Notable Examples of
1
Citation
33
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Keywords:
Extraterrestrial Life
Biota
Extinction (optical mineralogy)
Devonian
Late Devonian extinction
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Conodont
Early Triassic
Cite
Citations (167)
ABSTRACT The homoctenids (Tentaculitoidea) are small, conical‐shelled marine animals that are among the most abundant and widespread of all Late Devonian fossils. They were a principal casualty of the Frasnian–Famennian (F‐F, Late Devonian) mass extinction, and thus provide an insight into the extinction dynamics. Despite their abundance during the Late Devonian, they have been largely neglected by extinction studies. A number of Frasnian–Famennian boundary sections have been studied, in Poland, Germany, France, and the USA. These sections have yielded homoctenids, which allow precise recognition of the timing of the mass extinction. It is clear that the homoctenids almost disappear from the fossil record during the latest Frasnian ‘Upper Kellwasser Event’. The coincident extinction of this pelagic group, and the widespread development of intense marine anoxia within the water column, provides a causal link between anoxia and the F‐F extinction. Most notable is the sudden demise of a group, which had been present in rock‐forming densities, during this anoxic event. One new species, belonging to Homoctenus is described, but is not formally named here.
Late Devonian extinction
Devonian
Extinction (optical mineralogy)
Cite
Citations (36)
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Extinction (optical mineralogy)
Fossil Record
Early Triassic
TRACE (psycholinguistics)
Cite
Citations (0)
Abstract The end‐Permian mass extinction was the most pervasive biotic crisis in the history of life. About 90% of marine species and some 70% of land species became extinct in two pulses separated by about 10 million years.
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Extinction (optical mineralogy)
Cite
Citations (0)
Abstract The biggest known mass extinction in the history of animal life occurred at the Permian–Triassic boundary and has often been linked to global warming. Previous studies have suggested that a geologically rapid (<40 kyr) temperature increase of more than 10°C occurred simultaneously with the main extinction pulse. This hypothesis is challenged by geochemical and palaeontological data indicating profound environmental perturbations and a temperature rise prior to the main extinction. Using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), we measured oxygen isotope ratios from Changhsingian (late Permian) ostracods of north‐western Iran. Our data show that ambient seawater temperature began to rise at least 300 kyr prior to the main extinction event. Gradual warming by approximately 12°C was probably responsible for initial environmental degradation that eventually culminated in the global end‐Permian mass extinction.
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Extinction (optical mineralogy)
Cite
Citations (11)
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Extinction (optical mineralogy)
Cite
Citations (118)
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Stratotype
Extinction (optical mineralogy)
Early Triassic
Conodont
Cite
Citations (21)
The Permian/Triassic mass extinction plays a great role in the evolutionary history of the Earth.After that,the revolution of species was accelerated greatly.The paper summarizes simply the research results of geochemists,geologists and paleontologists in recent years,including dating of the event and several hypotheses.Especially,we described in detail the exterrestrial impact(asteroid or comet),volcanic eruption,anoxia and marine acidification,and then made a simple analysis and discussion in the significance of mass extinction.
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Early Triassic
Extinction (optical mineralogy)
Trias
Cite
Citations (0)
Abstract Five great taxonomic extinctions (the so‐called ‘Big Five Mass Extinctions’) are widely recognized in life history, at the end of the Ordovician, Frasnian (Late Devonian), Permian, Triassic and Cretaceous. All of them were originally identified in the marine fossil record and have been interpreted as the result of abrupt global environmental changes. Previous evidence has suggested that terrestrial biota were also subjected to ecological disruption during these events, but it is unknown whether they suffered the same level of large‐scale taxonomic disruption as marine organisms. Here we show that the plant fossil record in fact only provides evidence of two mass taxonomic extinction events, one through the Carboniferous‐Permian transition, the other during middle‐late Permian times. This differs significantly from the mass extinctions recognized in the marine realm and suggests that vascular plants have a special capacity for surviving abrupt environmental changes.
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Late Devonian extinction
Extinction (optical mineralogy)
Geologic record
Biota
Devonian
Fossil Record
Cite
Citations (85)
The end-Permian mass extinction is the greatest bioevent in the geological history, which wiped out nearly 95％ of the marine species and 75％ of the terrestrial species,followed by a biological winter for more than five million years.The cause and the process of the end-Permian mass extinction remain an unsolved mystery in earth science and one of the most difficult and interesting scientific problems.
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Extinction (optical mineralogy)
Cite
Citations (0)